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This paper presents the effect of properties of fuels, such as gasoline, methanol, ethanol and propane, on the engine performance and on the combustion characteristics in a four-stroke SI engine under the similar operating conditions. From analysis of indicator diagram and the ionization probe measurement, the values of combustion characteristics, for instance, the ignition delay τf, the 10% heat release point τhr, the main combustion period τm and so on were obtained. These values are useful to predict the combustion characteristics of each fuel. these informations may be useable to develop the alternative fuel engine.

The mixture formation process plays an important role on combustion in the direct injection stratified charge engine. A new mixture formation technology named OSKA has been developed for direct injection stratified charge SI engines. The OSKA process has the potential to yield better fuel economy and cleaner emissions. However, the mixture formation process has not been clarified completely, and detailed studies of the mixture formation process with the OSKA technology are needed. As a fundamental study on the OSKA mixture formation, time and space resolved distribution is obtained on concentration and on pressure in the unsteady gas jet, which discharges with constant injection pressure into a quiescent atmosphere and impinges on a projection placed on a wall.