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A phenomenological, multizone, transient spray model has been developed to simulate the performance and nitric oxide emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine fumigated with alcohol. The effects of speed, load, alcohol proof, and the fraction of the engine's power supplied by the alcohol have been investigated. The multizone model is designed to account for the heterogeneous composition of the cylinder contents by dividing the cylinder into a number of locally homogeneous zones. The model includes the interactions between the fuel spray and swirling air in the cylinder and the effect of wall impingement on fuel-air mixing and combustion. A complete thermodynamic analysis has been applied to the individual zones to obtain cylinder pressure data.

This work presents the analytic and experimental results relating engine performance and operating schedule with fuel cost and tail-pipe emissions for the series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) design. Results are based on vehicle data from the electric G-van produced by Conceptor Industries. A computer simulation developed using basic principles predicts the battery demand over a specified vehicle operation profile. Engine tests on the effects of engine power level and number of starts show that while fuel consumption did not vary, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions did show an increase. The engine used was a 2-cylinder, spark ignited, 4-stroke, carbureted engine and did not utilize exhaust after-treatment. The results of the engine tests and simulation data are combined to predict the CO emissions and fuel cost for the series HEV design. The estimated CO output was 18.7 g/km, and the fuel cost was estimated between 4.3 and 4.5 cents/km.