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We have developed a generic model of the human shoulder named “DhaibaShoulder.” In order to generalize the shoulder model formed by the orbital surface of the center of rotation of the shoulder, we clarified relationships between: the position of the center of rotation in the torso coordinates system, the shape of the orbital surface, and the torso anthropometric data. Using these results, our shoulder model can deform in accordance with anthropometric data and can determine the center of rotation in proportion to the posture of the upper arm. If the model is applied to a digital manikin, an actual reach envelope is simulated more accurately than is possible with other commercial digital manikins.

We developed a new method to estimate the functional center of rotation of the shoulder joint. Using this method, we examined the relationship between the posture of the upper arm and the displacements of the estimated center of rotation of the shoulder joint. The displacements were calculated from the flexion-extension angle and abduction-adduction angle of the upper arm. In this study, we propose a shoulder model for digital manikins that simulates reach envelopes more accurately than that for the existing digital manikins.