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Facing the CO2 emission reduction challenge, the combination of downsizing and turbocharging appears as one of the most promising solution for the development of high efficiency gasoline engines. In this context, as knock resistance is a major issue, limiting the performances of turbocharged downsized gasoline engines, fuel properties are more than ever key parameters to achieve high performances and low fuel consumption's levels. This paper presents a combustion study carried out into the GSM consortium of fuel quality effects on the performances of a downsized turbocharged Direct Injection SI engine. The formulation of two adapted fuel matrix has allowed to separate and evaluate the impacts of three major fuel properties: Research Octane Number (RON), Motor Octane Number (MON) and Latent Heat of Vaporization (LHV). Engine tests were performed on a single cylinder engine at steady state operating condition.

This paper presents a combustion study of gasoline anti-knock quality effects on turbocharged MPI SI engine performances. A comparative analysis between many fuels covering various Research Octane Number (RON), Motor Octane Number (MON) and sensitivity (RON-MON) is described. The study was conducted on steady state test bench, using a four cylinder 2 L engine. In turbocharged gasoline engines, knock resistance is more than ever a crucial issue to achieve high performance and good customer's consumption level. Octane level is therefore a fuel key parameter. Considering thermodynamic aspects of such combustion at full load, performances, fuel consumption and engine thermal strains are evaluated for each tested fuel. An important influence of RON at iso sensitivity was observed. Because of the extreme conditions met on turbocharged gasoline engine, the impact of RON is exacerbated on such engine and illustrates the great benefits of an increase RON fuel.

Since 1997 a lot of testing programmes on engine and vehicles test benches has been carried out to prove the environmental effects of this emulsified fuel (reduction of NOx, PM and black smoke). The introduction on the world-wide market of new engine and/or post-treatment technologies (common rail, unit injectors and Diesel Particulate Filters) designed to meet the increasingly severe emissions standards represents a major challenge to the producers of emulsified fuels. Indeed, the compatibility of the emulsions with these new hardware technologies must clearly be demonstrated if emulsified fuels want to retain their rank amongst the clean fuels offer. This presentation is addressing this issue by giving an outline of the strategy and test procedures which had to be followed in order to check on the compatibility of the emulsion tested with these technologies being introduced across Europe. In addition, DPF soot loading and regeneration have been investigated.