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Frontal collision is the leading cause of passenger vehicle occupant death in the recent years. Active safety systems like automatic emergency braking has been demonstrated to be able to mitigate frontal collision or to reduce collision impact. However, braking is not as effective as steering when host vehicle is at high speed, since it typically requires more minimum safety distance for braking than for steering to avoid a frontal collision. Evasive steering assist (ESA) is designed to improve driver’s steer maneuver in the case of a potential imminent front collision with another vehicle or VRU. If driver initiates a steering maneuver but that steering input is not enough to avoid the collision, then evasive steering assist will kick in to apply an additional steering in the direction of the driver’s input, to help driver complete the evasive steering maneuver stably and safely.

This research focuses on the injury potential of children seated in forward facing child restraint seats during frontal vehicle crashes. Experimental sled tests were completed in accordance to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 213 using a Hybrid III three-year-old dummy in a five point child restraint system. A full vehicle crash test was completed in accordance to the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 with the addition of a three-year-old Hybrid III crash test dummy, seated behind the passenger seat, restrained in the identical five-point child safety seat. Different child restraint finite element models were developed incorporating a subset of the apparatus used in the two experimental tests and simulated using LS-DYNA.