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One of the most important challenges in the design of a hybrid vehicle is the choice of the best control strategy for energy management. This work analyzes and discusses five different rules-based strategies. The authors' main targets were to understand how each strategy acts on the power split and how the operation points of both the Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Motor vary on efficiency maps. So, a critical review was produced of the strengths and weakness of different strategies found in scientific literature and out of it grew two new control plans.

The automotive industry needs a substantial revolution. It is necessary to replace conventional vehicles, equipped with highly polluting and very inefficient Internal Combustion Engines (if compared with the high efficiency of Electrical Motors), with clean, efficient electric vehicles (Zero Emission Vehicles). The electrical vehicles do not produce pollution and are characterized by high efficiency values (about 0.8) respect to ICE (about 0.27). In the transition from vehicles equipped with only ICE, to purely electrical vehicles, a fundamental step is represented by HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles). This paper shows the development, the validation and the use of a numerical code for hybrid vehicle simulation. A quasi-static “backward” simulation code was developed and implemented for an ISA (Integrated Starter Alternator) configuration vehicle. The Willans line approach was implemented to create the HEV model.

The continuous increase of pollutants and fine particulates is mainly caused by cars circulating worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to replace internal combustion engines with the cleanest electric motors. The short term solution is represented by Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) due to its environmental and efficiency characteristics. In the present paper a dynamic feed-forward mathematical model for a hybrid vehicle performance analysis is proposed. Torque and power, pollutant emission, fuel consumption, battery pack state of charge, as well as speed and acceleration have been evaluated by means of simulation of United State and Japanese standard driving cycles. In order to carry out simulations on a real hybrid configuration, the model has been based on the powertrain installed on the Toyota Prius (Toyota Hybrid System - THS). A mathematical sub-model of each vehicle component has been implemented to simulate the real vehicle behavior in all possible running conditions.