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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles are considered to be one of the solutions for engine optimization with regard to fuel consumption. This combustion system potentially provides, depending on the duty cycle, an improvement in fuel economy of 5 - 10%. In Brazil, mainly due to new requirements to reduce consumption imposed by the Inovar Auto automotive regime, this technology is becoming more popular and in 2013 the first flexfuel GDI vehicle was produced. However, GDI engines tend to produce more particulate matter compared to conventional engines. The present article is based on the study of particulate matter emissions from a GDI vehicle tested according to the FTP75 (Federal Test Procedure 75) and HWFET (Highway Fuel Economy Test) cycles. The vehicle was fuelled with gasoline (A22) and with hydrated ethanol (HER). It was observed that the particulate matter formed after the combustion process is directly related to the fuel properties.

Motorcycle sales have increased consistently during the last decade mostly in developing countries, especially in the BRICS. Low cost and less fuel consumption comparing to cars associated to the economic growth are the main reason for such trend. Emission limits have become stricter and the use of gas after treatment devices is widely present in new models. Flex fuel motorcycles have now become available, but effects of the combination of diverse gasoline/ethanol blends on the emissions are still an open issue that requires further understanding. This paper presents the most recent results regarding regulated and unregulated emissions from a Flex Fuel motorcycle fuelled with 4 different gasoline/ethanol blends: E22, E61, E85 and 100% ethanol. Both regulated (CO, THC, NOx) and unregulated emissions (Aldehydes, NMHC, NH3, N2O) were studied.