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The development of new generations of internal combustion engines requires appropriate measurement techniques for all relevant limited exhaust gas species and particulates. However, because of stricter future emission limits, there is a severe lack especially with respect to soot particles. Conventional methods, like gravimetric sampling, have substantial deficiencies in sensitivity and temporal resolution, which is strongly required for transient tests. Furthermore, artifacts arise from other exhaust components, like sulfuric acid, water vapor and volatile hydrocarbons. In contrast to the state-of-the-art techniques, laser induced incandescence (LII) has been proved to be a favorable technique, which overcomes these deficiencies and offers additional information, which allows new insight into combustion phenomena. Besides soot mass concentration, also the soot primary particle size is accessible by this technique.