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In this paper, in the analysis of differential cylinder not only the speed and speed ratio of cylinder but also the resistance of circuit have been taken into account. Based on the point of view of minimum energy consumption, an idea of “optimum differential ratio” has been proposed. Under the condition of optimum differential ratio, the circuit satisfies the demanded piston thrust and velocity, and the energy consumption is mimimum. Paper also proposes a procedure of how to design a differential cylinder by using the idea of optimum differential ratio. Finally, the idea of optimum differential ratio is used to analyze a circuit of hydraulic crane.

Nowadays, the design of radiator of hydraulic system is based on the equilibrium temperature, i.e. under that temperature the heat energy generated by system is equal to the heat energy dissipated. When the working time is not long, the oil temperature can't reach the equilibrium temperature. If the design is still based on the equilibrium temperature, the designed radiator will be larger than needed. This paper studies the temperature rising transient of hydraulic system and suggests a new method of radiator design, which can rationally determine the dissipating area of radiator. This method have been used in the radiator design of a hydraulic crane and get a satisfied result.