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Technical Paper

Effect of Austenitic Filler Wires on Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 Weldment Made by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

2020-09-25
2020-28-0431
Duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 grade is welded with austenitic filler wires (ERNiCrMo-3 and ERNiCrMo-4) using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to operate at marine environments. Microstructure using optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) are utilized to examine the metallurgical characterization of DSS 2205 weldments. Microhardness, impact, and tensile tests are employed to obtain the mechanical properties of weldments. Secondary precipitates such as Mo23C6 and Cr23C6 are formed in the ERNiCrMo-3 weldment which reduced the mechanical properties. In this study, ERNiCrMo-4 filler wire is provided enhanced mechanical properties for welding DSS 2205.
Technical Paper

Evaluation and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of PETG and CF - PETG Fabricated using FDM Process of Additive Manufacturing

2021-10-01
2021-28-0208
The utilization of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in the current manufacturing sector is growing day - by - day. This is made possible by the constant development of new materials and techniques to overcome the difficulties that are encountered while fabricating a part. In AM, parts are fabricated by laying successive layers on one another till the complete part is build. This gives AM an edge over conventional manufacturing. Even intricate or hollow parts can be fabricated with the same ease as fabricating a solid part. The key objective of this project is to evaluate and compare mechanical properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (PETG) and Carbon fiber reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (CF - PETG), which are fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process of AM. The ASTM standards D638 and D790 were followed for fabricating tensile test and Flexural test specimens respectively.
Journal Article

Hot Corrosion Demeanour of Key-Hole Plasma Arc Welded Aerospace Grade Hastelloy X in Molten Salts Environment

2020-09-25
2020-28-0422
The current work investigates the hot corrosion demeanour of Hastelloy X weldment produced with autogenous mode through key-hole plasma arc welding (K-PAW). The hot corrosion test has been performed for weldment in molten salt-1 (MS-1) (75 % Na2SO4 + 25 % V2O5) and molten salt-2 (MS-2) (75 % Na2SO4 + 20 % V2O5 + 5 % NaCl) circumstance for 25 hrs (25 cycles) at 900 °C. The MS-1 substrate of both base metal and weldment provided the lowest weight gain than the MS-2 substrate. The NaCl in the MS-2 causes severe hot corrosion on the substrate, whereas the absence of NaCl in MS-1 reduces the hot corrosion effects. The highest parabolic constant is observed for K-PAW weldment in MS-2 condition. The tendency of hot corrosion rate follows the order of, Base Metal MS-1 < K-PAW MS-1 < Base Metal MS-2 < K-PAW MS-2. The occurrence of protective phases like chromium oxides (Cr2O3), spinel oxides (NiCr2O4 and NiFe2O4) Nickel oxide (NiO) on the substrate resist the further oxidation.
Technical Paper

Influence of Coating Thickness and Operating Parameters on the Tribological Characteristics of Inconel 625 Components Fabricated Using DMD

2017-07-10
2017-28-1972
Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) is a rapid prototyping technique used to fabricate and repair metallic prototypes. It can be used in the production of complex geometries and unique parts. In functional automotive applications wear characteristics hold key importance. In the present study, an analysis on the influence of various parameters (coating thickness, load and temperature) on the wear characteristics of Direct Metal Deposited (DMD) Inconel 625 coating has been carried out using a Design of Experiments (DOE). ANOVA calculations were performed to find out which of these parameters showed significant influence on the wear properties. It was found that load was the most significant parameter influencing the wear characteristics .Similarly load was found to be most influencing parameter for co efficient of friction. The trend was found to follow when verified at 30 second, 3 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes.
Technical Paper

Investigation of Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites for Automotive Applications

2020-09-25
2020-28-0461
This research is an attempt to investigate the possibility of enhancing wear and corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy and composites for high-temperature applications. The 319 alloys with minor additions of Ni, Ti and Fe elements using the liquid metallurgy technique, Al-Si-Cu-Mg matrix alloy (Al alloy) was obtained and it was used as a base alloy and it is reinforced with Silicon carbide (SiC), Magnesium oxide (MgO) under the following composites, namely Al alloy/3wt % MgO (AA-SRM), Al alloy/ 3wt % SiC (AA-SRS) and Al alloy/3wt %SiC-3wt % MgO (AAHRSM) using a stir casting route. The wear test was investigated under the following factors, namely constant sliding velocity 3.21 m/s, sliding distance up to 10000 m under different loadings (4.9, 9.8, 14.7, 19.62, and 24.5 N) using wear test by a pin on the disc test rig. The wear rate was calculated using the tested samples under different loadings, sliding distance, and weight concentration conditions.
Technical Paper

Investigation on the Effect of Pulsed Frequency on Microstructure and Hardness of Alloy C-2000 by Current Pulsing

2020-09-25
2020-28-0420
The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of current pulsation frequency on the weld bead microstructure, segregation and hardness of Hastelloy C-2000 weldments. Bead on Plate (BoP) welds were made by using Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding method (PCGTAW) at eleven different frequencies. The weld bead width and depth of penetration was measured with the help of Dinolite macro analyzer. The microstructure of weldments are further examined through optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the type of grain, grain coarsening and extent of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). The grain structure turn into finer and equiaxed in all cases and there was an optimum frequency range over which the significant grain refinement was observed. Microsegregation of alloying elements were computed with the aid of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers Hardness Tester was used to measure the hardness of the weld samples at ambient conditions.
Technical Paper

Parametric Optimization of Friction Stir Welded AA2024 using Regression Methods

2021-10-01
2021-28-0223
The developed model analysis is built in matrix runs to optimise the friction stir welding parameters of rotational speed, welding speed, shoulder diameter and tilt angle in this research. The aim of any design is to maximise the welded properties, either to surpass the base metal properties. The model that is created is the product of a number of regression methods that have been tested for adequacy. In this model we have taken three levels of varying parameters shoulder diameters, rotational speed, welding speed. Mathematical model is developed for the effect of three process parameter at three levels using response surface methodology (RSM).
Technical Paper

Studies on Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Plasma Arc Welded Aerospace 80A Grade Alloy

2020-09-25
2020-28-0466
The current research work scrutinized the influence of plasma arc in the metallurgical and mechanical behavior of Nimonic 80A weldment. Defect free weld bead of 6 mm thickness was achieved in a single pass through plasma arc welding. The microstructure of weldment is decorated with cellular dendritic structure at the center and at the weld interface region columnar dendritic structure was observed. Metallurgical analysis showed the Cr and Ti secondary precipitates in the interdendritic region of the WZ. The existence of M23C6 and Cr2Ti were observed through the X-ray diffraction analysis. Both tensile test and microhardness test were conducted to study the mechanical properties of weldment. The result concluded that both the strength and ductility inferior than base metal and the hardness of the weld bead is similar to that of BMl.
Technical Paper

Studies on Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Aerospace 80A Grade Alloy

2021-10-01
2021-28-0241
This work inspects the metallurgical and tensile demeanor of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded ERNiCrCoMo-1 filler wire on alloy 80A weldment. Defect free weldment was achieved in a four pass through PCGTA welding. The center of the weld microstructure is decorated with equiaxed dendritic structure and columnar dendritic structure. SEM analysis showed the existence of Mo, Fe and Ti secondary phase precipitation in the grain boundary region of the weld zone. Tensile testing was conducted to analysis the strength and ductility of weldment. The result showed that the tensile strength and ductility were lower than that of base metal (BM).
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