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This paper is based on the results of 50 pedestrian cadaver tests in which the lower limbs injuries were carefully analyzed. The leg injury distribution, the consequences of these injuries will be evaluated through the analysis of equivalent injuries sustained by pedestrian in traffic accidents. These injuries are of several types and involve all biological tissues of lower limbs. We propose a classification of these injuries according to their kind, their location, their number and their association. This classification allows us to point out that present scales are not enough detailed and are not suitable for the reality of these injuries. On this basis we propose intermediate stages in order to refine the present AIS and MAIS scales.

Experimental car-pedestrian collisions were performed with a modified PART 572 dummy and cadavers; they involved some reconstructions of real accidents. These collisions brought to light the differences between the kinematics and the impact responses when dummy and human subject are compared under identical and realistic test conditions to simulate a pedestrian struck sideways. These differences are mainly due to the overall relative stiffness of the PART 572 dummy when compared to cadavers. Same-type collisions were therefore carried out again with other dummies which were designed so as to simulate human response in lateral impact better; thus they were also assumed to display better kinematics as pedestrians. APROD and ONSER dummies were used; when compared to PART 572, their flexibility and deformation capabilities are greater, in particular as regards their thoraxes and shoulders.