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One of the most important noise sources of an internal combustion engine powered vehicle or equipment is the engine itself. Consequently, noise abatement measures should first be applied to the engine, where they could be more effective from the cost/benefit standpoint. This paper deals with the reduction of noise excitation and vibration transmission through optimization of the combustion process (injection timing, swirl, configuration, pilot injection …) and of the components design. To analyze the acoustical behavior of structures, FEM and Modal Analysis can be used. The results permit a ranking of the structures relative to other components, as far as their noise pattern is concerned, as well as identification of specially weak points, which can then be corrected.