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Decarbonization of the automotive industry is one of the major challenges in the transportation sector, according to the recently proposed climate neutrality policies, e.g., the EU 'Fit for 55' package. Hydrogen as a carbon-free energy career is a promising alternative fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The main objective of the present study is to investigate non-reactive hydrogen jet impingement on a piston bowl profile at different injection angles and under the effect of various pressure ratios (PR), where PR is the relative ratio of injection pressure (IP) to chamber pressure (CP). This study helps to gain further insight into the mixture formation in a heavy-duty hydrogen engine, which is critical in predicting combustion efficiency. In the experimental campaign, a typical high-speed z-type Schlieren method is applied for visualizing the jet from the lateral windows of a constant volume chamber, and two custom codes are developed for post-processing the results.

The present-day transport sector needs sustainable energy solutions. Substitution of fossil-fuels with fuels produced from biomass is one of the most relevant solutions for the sector. Nevertheless, bringing biofuels into the market is associated with many challenges that policymakers, feedstock suppliers, fuel producers, and engine manufacturers need to overcome. The main objective of this research is an investigation of the impact of alternative fuel properties on light vehicle engine performance and greenhouse gases (GHG). The purpose of the present study is to provide decision-makers with tools that will accelerate the implementation of biofuels into the market. As a result, two models were developed, that represent the impact of fuel properties on engine performance in a uniform and reliable way but also with very high accuracy (coefficients of determination over 0.95) and from the end-user point of view.

The current transportation fuels have been one of the biggest contributors towards climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. The use of carbon-free fuels has constantly been endorsed through legislations in order to limit the global greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, ammonia is seen as a potential alternative fuel, because of its carbon-free nature, higher octane number and as hydrogen carrier. Furthermore, many leading maritime companies are doing enormous research and planning projects to utilize ammonia as their future carbon-free fuel by 2050. Flash boiling phenomenon can significantly improve combustion by enhancing the spray breakup process and ammonia possessing low boiling point, has a considerable potential for flash boiling. However, present literature is missing abundant research data on superheated ammonia sprays.