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Two-wheel vehicles are becoming continuously more important in Europe, but their spread is accompanied by an increase in security concerns due a number of reasons. These include stability problems during braking, and in particular curve braking, which is much more critical than in 4-wheel vehicles. These stability problems are strongly influenced by the behavior of the driver, in particular by his braking and steering activity. In this work we present a curve-safe ABS control, and analyze the role of the driver by a simulation model. It turns out that the demands on the driver in terms of stability control vary strongly with the braking behavior.

Computation of combustion, in particular of emissions over crank angle, relies on chemical oriented models. In some cases, chemical equilibrium can be assumed, as chemical reaction time scales tend to be fast compared to the crank rotation, so the rather complex reaction kinetics can be neglected. For engine process calculation based on the measured cylinder pressure chemical equilibrium concentrations are needed for every crank angle or calculation time step. On the one hand the equilibrium concentrations are necessary for estimating the thermodynamic properties of the working gas (internal energy and specific gas constant) which are needed for deriving the energy release (burn rate) and on the other hand the obtained concentrations are inputs for crank angle based soot and nitric oxygen emission models which depends also on the engine process calculation results.