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This document applies primarily to mobile cranes that lift loads by means of a drum and hoist line mechanism. It can be used to determine the hoist line speed and power of other hoist line mechanisms, if the load can be held constant and hoist line travel distance is sufficient for the accuracy of the line speed measurements prescribed. This recommended practice applies to all mechanical, hydraulic, and electric powered hoist mechanisms.

This document provides an industry standard for Long Term Storage (LTS) of electronic devices by drawing from the best long term storage practices currently known. LTS is defined as any device storage for more than 12 months but typically allows for much longer (years). While intended to address the storage of unpackaged semiconductors and packaged electronic devices, nothing in this standard precludes the storage of other items under the storage levels defined herein. This standard is not intended to address built-in failure mechanisms (e.g., tin whiskers, plating diffusion, and intermetallics) that would take place regardless of storage conditions

This specification sheet establishes requirements for a high collapse pressure configuration filter element of a specific configuration with a minimum filtration ratio of 75 for particles larger than 7 µm when designed and tested in accordance with SAE J2321 and this specification sheet.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is an application guide for hydraulic power transfer units and describes: The various types Typical design approaches Their operational characteristics and limitations Circuit recommendations Typical applications The scope of this ARP is limited to devices that transfer power between hydraulic systems and do so by means of rotary subassemblies such as hydraulic motors and pumps.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains guidance regarding hardware design and installation procedures for seals in hydraulic components that utilize standard seal glands in accordance with AS4716, AS4832, AS4088, AS4052, AS5857, and AS6235.

In the recent years, the interest in heavy-duty engines fueled with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is increasing due to the necessity to comply with the stringent CO2 limitation imposed by national and international regulations. Indeed, the reduced number of carbon atoms of the NG molecule allows to reduce the CO2 emissions compared to a conventional fuel. The possibility to produce synthetic methane from renewable energy sources, or bio-methane from agricultural biomass and/or animal waste, contributes to support the switch from conventional liquid fuels to CNG. To drive the engine development and reduce the time-to-market, the employment of numerical analysis is mandatory. This requires a continuous improvement of the simulation models toward real predictive analyses able to reduce the experimental R&D efforts. In this framework, 1D numerical codes are fundamental tools for system design, energy management optimization, and so on.

This Recommended Practice is intended to outline the design, installation, testing, and field maintenance criteria for a high temperature metal pneumatic duct system, for use as a guide in the aircraft industry. These recommendations are to be considered as currently applicable and necessarily subject to revision from time to time, as a result of the rapid development of the industry.

This SAE Recommended Practice specifies graphic symbols for operator controls, gauges, tell-tales, indicators, instructions, and warning against risks in small craft and for engines and other equipment intended to be used in small craft.

This SAE Standard applies to Carbon Dioxide R-744 refrigerant used to service motor vehicle passenger air-conditioning (A/C) systems designed to use CO2 (R-744). Hermetically sealed, refrigerated cargo systems are not covered by this document.

The test procedure applies to the refueling manifold system connectingn the receiver aircraft fuel tanks to the refueling source fuel pump(s) for both ground and aerial refueling. The test procedure is intended to verify that the limit value for surge pressure specified for the receiver fuel system is not exceeded when refueling from a refueling source which meets the requirements of AS1284 (reference 2). This recommended practice is not directly applicable to surge pressure developed during operation of an aircraft fuel system, such as initiating or stopping engine fuel feed or fuel transfer within an aircraft, or the pressure surge produced when the fuel pumps are first started to fill an empty fuel manifold.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish reference standards for airflow measurements in the ranges required for testing automotive engine induction systems and to describe equipment that will facilitate the use of such standards to check the accuracy of various equipment and methods.

This SAE Standard covers the engineering requirements for peening surfaces of parts by impingement of metallic shot, glass beads, or ceramic shot. To induce residual compressive stress in surface layers of parts, thereby increasing fatigue strength and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.

This SAE Standard is derived from SAE J2805 and specifies an engineering method for measuring the sound emitted by M and N category road vehicles at standstill and low speed operating conditions.. The specifications reproduce the level of sound which is generated by the principal vehicle sound sources consistent with stationary and low speed vehicle operating conditions relevant for pedestrian safety. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle. The test method requires an acoustic environment which is only obtained in an extensive open space or in special designed indoor facilities replicating the conditions of an extensive open space. Such conditions usually exist during: • Measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification. • Measurements at the manufacturing stage. • Measurements at official testing stations.

Within the context of environmental impact reduction for small size spark ignition (SI) engines, especially green-house gas emissions, this study looked at laminar flame speed as an optimization parameter for hydrogen-methane fueled micro-generators. To this aim, SI engine operation was modeled in a 0D/1D simulation framework, so as to identify the best choice of methane-hydrogen ratios in different conditions. Starting from experimental data recorded on a small size engine, an optimization method was implemented for achieving the proposed goal. One of the main conclusions is that high concentrations of hydrogen and resulting fast burn rates are beneficial at high engine speed settings, while the opposite is true at low engine speed. Hydrogen addition was also considered as an additional control margin during lean operation, given that stable combustion can be achieved even with very low equivalence ratios.

In the last few years, concern about the environmental impact of vehicles has increased, considering the growth of the dangerous effects on health of noxious exhaust emissions. For this reason, car manufacturers are moving towards more efficient combustion systems for Spark Ignition (SI) engines, aiming to comply with the increasingly stringent regulation imposed by EU and other legislators. Engine operation with very lean air/fuel ratios has demonstrated to be a viable solution to this problem. Stable ultra-lean combustion can be obtained with a Pre-Chamber (PC) ignition system, installed in place of the conventional spark plug. The efficiency of this configuration in terms of performance and emissions is due to its combustion process, that starts in the PC and propagates in the main chamber in the form of multiple hot turbulent jets.

This specification covers the requirements for the procurement of three types of puncturable-seal carbon dioxide filled cylinders.

This document establishes the requirements for physical and chemical properties and the minimum tests to evaluate suitability of phosphate ester hydraulic fluids for use in aircraft systems where fire resistance is required. Additional tests may be specified by the qualifying agency to demonstrate compliance with their specific requirements. The "qualifying agency" will be defined herein to be the airframe manufacturer submitting certification approval for use of the fluid in a specific model airplane. Fluids meeting the requirements of this specification may be approved by a qualifying agency for use on specific airplane models. Data used to show compliance to this specification can be used by the qualifying agency to show compliance to the applicable regulations for the appropriate certifying authority; e.g., FAA, EASA, etc.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a laboratory test procedure for measuring the random incidence sound absorption performance of a material or a part in a small size reverberation room by measuring decay rates. The absorption performance may include sound absorption coefficient of the test sample and or the amount of energy absorbed by the test sample. Materials for absorption treatments may include homogeneous materials, nonhomogeneous materials, or a combination of homogeneous, nonhomogeneous, and/or inelastic impervious materials. These materials are commonly installed in the mobility products and in the transportation systems such as ground vehicles, marine products, aircraft, and commercial industry (in industrial and consumer products) to reduce reverberant sound build-up and thus reduce the noise level in the environment by minimizing reflections off of hard surfaces.