High-Speed 2-D Raman and Rayleigh Imaging of a Hydrogen Jet Issued from a Hollow-Cone Piezo Injector 2023-24-0019

This paper reports high-speed (10 kHz and 100 kHz) 2-D Raman/Rayleigh measurements of a hydrogen (H₂) jet issued from a Bosch HDEV4 hollow-cone piezo injector in a high-volume constant pressure vessel. During the experiments, a P_a = 10 bar ambient environment with pure nitrogen (N₂) is created in the chamber at T = 298 K, and pure H₂ is injected vertically with an injection pressure of P_i = 51 bar. To accommodate the transient nature of the injections, a kHz-rate burst-mode laser system with second harmonic output at λ = 532 nm and high-speed CMOS cameras are employed. By sequentially separating the scattered light using dichroic mirrors and bandpass filters, both elastic Rayleigh (λ = 532 nm) and inelastic N₂ (λ = 607 nm) and H₂ (λ = 683 nm) Raman signals are recorded on individual cameras. With the help of the wavelet denoising algorithm, the detection limit of 2-D Raman imaging is greatly expanded. The H₂ mole fraction distribution is then derived directly from scattering signals at 10 kHz for Raman and 100 kHz for Rayleigh, with a spatial resolution of approximately 200 μm (5.0 lp/mm). The current work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of high-speed 2-D Raman and Rayleigh imaging in gaseous fuel injection and the experimental technique could potentially contribute to the design of next-generation high-pressure, high-flowrate H₂ injectors.