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The 6 papers in this technical paper collection cover steering and suspension technologies. Topics include: twin level steering system; ride comfort improvement; small amplitude torsional steering column dynamics; HBMC (hydraulic body motion control system) for production vehicle application; and the development of hybrid EPS.

The 9 papers in this technical paper collection discuss steering and suspension technology. Topics covered include rear suspension design, composite material suspension arm, energy efficient hydraulic power assisted steering systems, and more. The 9 papers in this technical paper collection discuss steering and suspension technology. Topics covered include rear suspension design, composite material suspension arm, energy efficient hydraulic power assisted steering systems, and more.

The 7 papers in this technical paper collection discuss new approaches as well as advances in application of steering and suspension related technologies.

This technical paper collection presents papers on steering and suspension related topics as it applies to ground vehicles. Papers for this session address new approaches as well as advances in application of steering, suspension related technologies.

The 28 papers in this technical paper collection focus on improving steering characteristics, suspension systems, tires, four wheel steer vehicle, variable rack stroke system, and more.

THIS paper describes evaluations made of several drive and steering combinations of 4-wheel, 2-wheel, and crawler vehicles on macadam, loose ground, and mud. Tests revealed that geometrically steered 4-wheel drive and steer vehicles closely approach the drawbar characteristics of crawler vehicles. High-speed tests on macadam showed the geometrically steered vehicles to be superior to skid-steered wheeled vehicles. The variable ratio type skid-steer drive came closest of all configurations tested to approaching the pulling and steering characteristics of the geometrically steered vehicles.

This SAE Standard applies to off-road rubber-tired machines having rated speed capability exceeding 20 km/h. Only the following machine categories in SAE J1116 are included in the scope of this document. a. Earthmoving b. Other than earthmoving: except rollers and compactors c. General purpose industrial d. Forestry e. Specialized mining machinery Applicable steering systems include the following means of providing power for steering: a. Manual steering b. Power-assisted steering c. Full-power steering This document does not imply that secondary steering is mandatory. However, if secondary steering is provided, performance and test requirements are included.

This paper adds to the work of many others who have contributed to understanding the forces involved in the steering of tracked vehicles. Of particular importance are analytical methods to better define the effect of vehicle geometry, the effect of variations in road wheel loading, the absorption of lateral motion through either pad sliding or pad deflection and, in high speed turns, the effect of track slippage and centrifugal force. These analytical methods become increasingly important as tracked vehicle speeds continue to increase.

The present work aims to analyze the influence of the steering ratio in a vehicle dynamics model. With the purpose of doing this, a multibody model correlated in kinematics and compliance (KnC) parameters to an experimental vehicle was developed. Given the increasing use of computational methods in the most diverse areas of Engineering, the aforementioned correlation is a fundamental part in the generation of vehicle models for vehicle dynamic simulators. Going through the fundamental concepts of vehicle dynamics and focusing in particular on the Chassis Engineering group, this paper will approach more specifically the suspension and steering systems. To this end, the methodology presented here begins with obtaining data from an experimental vehicle by means of a kinematic parameter acquisition machine.

A new 450 HP four-wheel drive articulated farm tractor has been developed by Steiger Tractor Inc. This paper summarizes the design, development, and testing of this unit along with an overview of the systems. Several frame designs different from production tractors were used along with more operator convenience and comfort ideas in the new wider ROPS cab. The vehicle combines the performance of a high torque rise engine with the advantages of a powershift transmission with torque converter.

The complex and risky process of designing derivative aircraft, especially when it comes to electrical systems, can be a daunting task at best. There are a number of design strategies that can be employed to mitigate risk and increase the overall efficiency. Quite simply, the current methods of manual processes, design and integration approaches that were optimized from mechanical approaches, are no match for today’s complexities. One method gaining significant traction is to employ a central database serving global interface definitions for the entire design process. Automation through generative design minimizes manual intervention and repetitive work. Furthermore, detecting changes through design rule checks allows system engineers to verify their designs, capturing both inadvertent and planned changes. The ability to instantly update the design content from the new definition streamlines the change management process.

Most products are designed to operate for a long period of time, and in such case, life testing is a relatively lengthy procedure. Lengthy tests tend to be expensive and the results become available too late to be of much use. To reduce the experimental cost significantly and provide an efficient tool to assess the life distribution for highly reliable product, a step-stress accelerated test (SSAT) was developed. An example of a rear suspension aft lateral link is used to validate the SSAT method.

In designing a new vehicle is necessary to estimate the vehicle performance, emission pollutants, and fuel consumption. Also is necessary check if the fuel economy technologies contents are attend the project goals. Therefore, simulate the vehicles on fuel consumption simulation tools, are crucial to attend the project time and cost. One of aspects more critical on simulation tools is its ability to reflect the vehicle reality accurately. The proposal of this work is to present a methodology to check the accuracy of vehicle simulation results using an analysis step-by-step process of errors between the simulated and experimental dynamometer vehicle data collected under FTP-75 and HWFET cycles. The tests were performed on a Flex Fuel vehicle fueled by Brazilian's ethanol and gasoline fuels and the final fuel economy results.

It is now several years since most passenger vehicles were provided with a dual circuit braking system. The increased safety which has been obtained by this, has the disadvantage of extra pedal movement and increased pedal force which is then required when one circuit has broken down. Besides the deterioration in braking performance it can give the driver a shock. By replacing the tandem cylinder of conventional type hitherto used with a new type, these disadvantages have practically been eliminated.

Recently, a new Green’s function code (GRNTRN) for simulation of HZE ion beams in the laboratory setting has been developed. Once fully developed and experimentally verified, GRNTRN will be a great asset in assessing radiation exposures in both the laboratory and space settings. The computational model consists of combinations of physical perturbation expansions based on the scales of atomic interaction, multiple elastic scattering, and nuclear reactive processes with use of Neumann-series expansions with non-perturbative corrections. The code contains energy loss with straggling, nuclear attenuation, nuclear fragmentation with energy dispersion and down shifts. Previous reports show that the new code accurately models the transport of ion beams through a single slab of material. Current research efforts are focused on enabling the code to handle multiple layers of material and the present paper reports on progress made towards that end.

The development process of automotive brakes is known to be challenging and time-consuming. It is an iterative process consisting of interplay between brake squeal simulation and extensive experimental investigations of the brake system at the test rig and in the vehicle. In this context, the complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) of linearized FE models is a part of standard development process of brake systems. Nevertheless this linear analysis has not reached the status of a predictive tool yet, remaining a tool accompanying experimental investigations of the brake system only. Possible reasons may be inadequate simplifications of frictional contact, damping effects and friction material modeling on one hand and insufficiencies of the mathematical mechanical models themselves, i.e. linear vs. nonlinear stability analyses on the other hand. The extensive experimental investigations apply time consuming standard test procedures and need efficiency improvement.

Digital transformation is at the forefront of manufacturing considerations, but often excludes discrete event simulation and cost modelling capabilities, meaning digital twin capabilities are in their infancy. As cost and time are critical metrics for manufacturing companies it is vital the associated tools become a connected digital capability. The aim is to digitize cost modelling functionality and its associated data requirements in order to couple cost analysis with digital factory simulation. The vast amount of data existing in today’s industry alongside the standardization of manufacturing processes has paved the way for a ‘data first’ cost and discrete event simulation environment that is required to facilitate the automated model building capabilities required to seamlessly integrate the digital twin within existing manufacturing environments.

This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to pneumatic Passenger Car “P” Type, Light Truck Metric, and Light Truck High Flotation tires, or similar tires approved by bodies other than Tire & Rim Association. The methodology is applicable within normal operating ranges of vertical load and inflation pressure, and for velocities between 115 km/h and 15 km/h (71 mph and 9 mph) during a relatively short duration event such as a coastdown. This procedure is applicable only to operation in the free-rolling mode at zero slip and camber angle for ambient temperatures between 20 °C and 28 °C (68 °F and 82 °F) and for surfaces with diameters of 1.2 m (48 in) diameter or greater. Details regarding the equipment, tires, and test methods used specifically for validation of this document are included in Appendix A. Two basic measurement methods covered by this document are as follows:

This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to pneumatic Passenger Car “P” Type, Light Truck Metric, and Light Truck High Flotation tires, or similar tires approved by bodies other than Tire & Rim Association. The methodology is applicable within normal operating ranges of vertical load and inflation pressure, and for velocities between 115 km/h and 15 km/h (71 mph and 9 mph) during a relatively short duration event such as a coastdown. This procedure is applicable only to operation in the free-rolling mode at zero slip and camber angle for ambient temperatures between 20 °C and 28 °C (68 °F and 82 °F) and for surfaces with diameters of 1.2 m (48 in) diameter or greater. Details regarding the equipment, tires, and test methods used specifically for validation of this document are included in Appendix A. Two basic measurement methods covered by this document are as follows:

This paper presents semi-automatic parking assist system, which performs stereo vision based recognition of free parking site and parking guidance with automated steering operation. Pixel structure classification and feature based stereo matching extracts the 3D information of parking site. Parking site marking is separated by plane surface constraint and is transformed into bird's eye view, on which template matching is performed to determine the location of parking site. Obstacle depth map, which is generated from the disparity of adjacent vehicle can be used as the guideline of template matching by limiting the search range and the orientation. Proposed method using both the obstacle depth map and the bird's eye view of parking site marking increases the operation speed and the robustness to visual noise by effectively limiting the search range. Using this map information, geometrical relation is tested and efficient parking path is generated.