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In this way, we found that there is a clear difference between the insulation coating and non-insulation coating, thus confirming the temperature swing phenomenon of the insulation coating. ...As a means of achieving this, we developed a "temperature swing heat insulation coating" [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. This reduces the heat flux from the combustion chamber into the cooling water by making the wall temperature follow the gas temperature as much as possible during the expansion and exhaust strokes. ...A thermal insulation coating with a low thermal conductivity and low thermal capacity was developed in order to achieve this temperature swing.

Adiabatic engines studied in the 1980s, such as ceramic coated engines, caused constantly high temperature on combustion wall surface during the whole cycle including the intake stroke, even if it employed ceramic thermal barrier coating methods. This resulted in increase in NOx and Soot, decrease in volumetric efficiency and combustion efficiency, and facilitated the occurrence of engine knock.