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Since 2-D codes are much easier to use than 3-D codes, they could be widely used in trade studies and design evaluations for lightning indirect effects protection of composite aircraft. The first code, REDIST, is a Method-of-Moments code developed in the 1980’s for use on the B-2. ...The test data taken was on two structural graphite composite test fixtures. The first was a graphite skin panel segment with 3 blade stiffeners. Low Level Continuous Wave (LLCW) measurements were made of the current on an aluminum tube placed in several locations near the skin and blades to understand the lightning current redistribution in areas such as wing leading edges. ...The second test fixture was an outboard section of a graphite composite wing box built by Boeing and NASA. Several aluminum tubes were installed to simulate hydraulic and fuel lines or electrical conduits and shields.

A study of indirect lightning effects on carbon composite structures with internal tubing is performed using the ‘ab initio’ Maxwell equation codes MAFIA and Microwave Studio (MWS).