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This SAE Standard describes electric immersion engine preheaters for use in the coolant jacket of heavy-duty and intermediate size diesel engines. ...This document gives the dimensional information on the four basic styles of engine preheaters. The tables for each style will list the wattage commonly used. Small engines that typically require less than 600 W of preheat for cold weather starting are not covered by this document. ...These types of engines generally have very little space available to accommodate an immersion heater of the styles presented in this document.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews the requirements to be satisfied by the engine mount systems and provides an outline of some suitable methods. Factors such as drive shaft alignment, engine expansion, mount crashworthiness, vibration isolation, and other effects on the installation are discussed. ...Factors such as drive shaft alignment, engine expansion, mount crashworthiness, vibration isolation, and other effects on the installation are discussed.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance for substantiating the airworthiness of aircraft engine components. Generally these components are associated with the engine control system, the system or systems that allow the engine to provide thrust or power as demanded by the pilot of the aircraft while also ensuring the engine operates within acceptable operating limits. ...But these components may also include hardware and systems associated with engine lubrication, engine or aircraft hydraulic or electrical systems, aircraft environmental control systems, thrust reverser control, or similar aircraft or engine propulsion system functions. ...This approach is compatible with current practices used in the industry and has been accepted by engine certification authorities as part of engine certification programs.

This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry. ...The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry.

This document is intended for use by manufacturers of aircraft, engines and Electronic Engine Controls [EECs] as a component change process and evaluation guideline.

Primary purposes of this report are to: a Define and illustrate this process b Point out its strengths and weaknesses c Provide guidelines for its application on programs which have specified reliability requirements Increased emphasis on rocket engine reliability and cost has prompted the Liquid Rocket Certification Subcommittee (Society of Automotive Engineers for Reliability, Maintainability, and Supportability) to thoroughly examine current methodologies to qualify or certify liquid rocket engine systems. For example, new liquid rocket engine programs, such as the joint NASA/Air Force effort for the National Launch System (NLS) or the Air Force XLR-132 storable propellant upper stage engine, include documented requirements for high levels of reliability. ...Reliability estimates prior to the first flight of a new engine historically have been based largely upon results from qualification or certification tests which formally declared the engine ready to fly. Many changes typically were made during the engine development period, until the engine was considered mature enough to qualify or certify. ...As a consequence, predicted reliability levels, at high confidence, prior to the first flight of a new engine have been consistently low. This was due to the small number of engines tested, especially identical units, and the limited number and type of tests performed on each engine during a typical qualification or certification test program.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines and establishes a standard presentation of data for gas turbine propulsion engine starter characteristics in graphs and curves. The data presentation applies to both pneumatic and hydraulic energy source starting systems.

The engine bleed air system may interface with the following Air Transport Association (ATA) 100 systems: Chapter 21 - Air Conditioning Chapter 29 - Hydraulic Power Chapter 30 - Ice and Rain Protection Chapter 34 - Navigation (Indication Systems/Probe Aspiration) Chapter 36 - Pneumatics Chapter 38 - Water/Waste Chapter 49 - Airborne Auxiliary Power Chapter 73 - Engine Fuel & Control Chapter 75 - Engine Air Chapter 78 - Engine Exhaust Chapter 80 - Engine Starting The interface with these systems/chapters is at the inlet of the shutoff/control valve of each associated system. ...This ATA system/chapter covers equipment used to deliver compressed air from a power source to connecting points for other systems such as air conditioning, pressurization, ice protection, cross-engine starting, air turbine motors, air driven hydraulic pumps, on board oxygen generating systems (OBOGS), on board inert gas generating systems (OBIGGS), and other pneumatic demands. The engine bleed air system includes components for preconditioning the compressed air (temperature, pressure or flow regulation), ducting to distribute high or low pressure air to the using systems, and sensors/instruments to indicate temperature and pressure levels within the system. ...The engine bleed air system includes components for preconditioning the compressed air (temperature, pressure or flow regulation), ducting to distribute high or low pressure air to the using systems, and sensors/instruments to indicate temperature and pressure levels within the system. The engine bleed air system may interface with the following Air Transport Association (ATA) 100 systems: Chapter 21 - Air Conditioning Chapter 29 - Hydraulic Power Chapter 30 - Ice and Rain Protection Chapter 34 - Navigation (Indication Systems/Probe Aspiration) Chapter 36 - Pneumatics Chapter 38 - Water/Waste Chapter 49 - Airborne Auxiliary Power Chapter 73 - Engine Fuel & Control Chapter 75 - Engine Air Chapter 78 - Engine Exhaust Chapter 80 - Engine Starting The interface with these systems/chapters is at the inlet of the shutoff/control valve of each associated system.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information and guidance for the selection and use of technologies and methods for lubrication system monitoring of gas turbine aircraft engines. This AIR describes technologies and methods covering oil system performance monitoring, oil debris monitoring, and oil condition monitoring. ...A higher-level view of lubrication system monitoring as part of an overall engine monitoring system (EMS), is discussed in ARP1587. The scope of this document is limited to those lubrication system monitoring, inspection and analysis methods and devices that can be considered appropriate for health monitoring and routine maintenance.

This report covers engine tests performed in Altitude Test Facilities (ATFs) with the primary purpose of determining steady state thrust at simulated altitude flight conditions as part of the in-flight thrust determination process. ...Note that the report only covers the case where the inlet duct is connected to the engine, not free jet testing. Thrust stand force measurement system Test cell Cell exhaust system Measurement system The report provides detailed technical information on how the facilities are operated, including: Program planning guidelines Optimization of the tests Setting and control of flight conditions Assessment of the data A technical discussion provides the underlying physics for: Air mass flow determination Determination of the conditions in the inlet duct and slip joint Derivation of thrust and related parameters Correction of data to nominal flight conditions Measurement uncertainty The initial issue of this report primarily address ATF testing of engines intended for use on subsonic, transport aircraft. ...Thrust stand force measurement system Test cell Cell exhaust system Measurement system The report provides detailed technical information on how the facilities are operated, including: Program planning guidelines Optimization of the tests Setting and control of flight conditions Assessment of the data A technical discussion provides the underlying physics for: Air mass flow determination Determination of the conditions in the inlet duct and slip joint Derivation of thrust and related parameters Correction of data to nominal flight conditions Measurement uncertainty The initial issue of this report primarily address ATF testing of engines intended for use on subsonic, transport aircraft. Future revisions to the report will include greater content relevant to the testing of engines for supersonic aircraft, including the wider and higher flight envelopes associated with such aircraft and the technical issues raised by these flight conditions.

This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to any engine cooling fan application including medium and heavy-duty trucks, buses, construction equipment, industrial, and agricultural equipment.

This SAE Standard is applicable to small spark ignition and compression ignition engines, having a maximum of 1.0 L swept volume displacement, powering off-road applications such as lawn and garden, construction, general utility equipment, and off-highway recreational vehicles. ...It is not intended to cover engines powering on-road vehicles, motorcycles, or boats.

This document defines features that require interface definitions between aircraft engines and accessory drives and flanges and summarizes various aerospace standard dimensional performance data.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been written for individuals associated with the ground level testing of large turbofan and turbojet engines, and particularly those who are interested in infrasound phenomena.

In order to acquire low fuel consumption while the engine is running at low speeds and maintain the high power output of the traditional 4-valve engine at high speeds, multiple camshafts were applied in gasoline engines. An engine cycle simulation process of a gasoline engine with multiple camshaft profiles was presented in this paper. ...An engine cycle simulation process of a gasoline engine with multiple camshaft profiles was presented in this paper. Engine cycle models were set up to describe external characteristic at 14 different speeds. ...A one-dimension model was used to describe the transient heat and mass transfer in pipes of the gasoline engine. In-cylinder combustion model was calibrated by engine test results. The simulation results showed a good agreement with engine testing results.

During the design stage, certification testing, or in field problem solving, t is of value for engine designers and engineers to have an understanding of how robust the engine design is to variation in the manufacturing process, in-use wear, controller and the testing processes. ...This work demonstrates that sensitivity analysis and Robust Design & Optimization methods allow engine designers an efficient way to understand the impact of variability on engine performance for the entire production population and to control the engine performance to meet emissions requirements with less loss of fuel consumption than with one-at-a-time modifications to nominal design settings alone. ...In this paper, a sensitivity analysis is performed on a parametric GTpower diesel engine model and using Robust Design methods NOx defects are reduced. Sensitivity analysis is conducted using a Plackett-Burman DOE.

A light viscosity engine oil formulation has been developed based on an extension of the synthesized hydrocarbon fluid (SHF) lubricant technology presented in a recent SAE paper by B. ...In addition to fuel and oil economy, other critical areas of performance are investigated, including engine cleanliness, wear protection and cold starting capability, as well as ONRI and exhaust emission effects. ...The superior performance of XRN 1669 compared to premium quality multiviscosity mineral oil products is documented in extensive laboratory, engine and field tests.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides an overview of fire and overheat protection approaches that have been utilized for engine electronic units. While the electronic engine control (EEC) is the engine electronic unit specifically addressed in this document, the approaches presented can extend to any engine electronic unit, including monitoring units and other electronic based engine components. ...While the electronic engine control (EEC) is the engine electronic unit specifically addressed in this document, the approaches presented can extend to any engine electronic unit, including monitoring units and other electronic based engine components.

Document provides information on how military/commercial/gas turbine engine test cell/system users may benefit from this unique Coanda/Refraction concept.

Accomplishments of a digital computer programmed engine are reviewed. Some of the test areas studied on the digital engine are valve timing, ram effects, engine dimensions, and burning effects of different fuels. ...Some of the test areas studied on the digital engine are valve timing, ram effects, engine dimensions, and burning effects of different fuels. Basically, the digital engine is needed because of the complexity of variables and their interactions with engine operation. ...Basically, the digital engine is needed because of the complexity of variables and their interactions with engine operation. Although problems may be new or old, the digital engine provides new information which leads to a clearer insight into cause and effect, thereby indicating the best direction to go in engine design.