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The first approach is based on a quasi-3D finite volume method, which relies on a geometrical reconstruction of the calculation domain using networks of zero-dimensional elements. The second approach is based on a model-order reduction procedure that projects the nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations describing the 1D unsteady flow in engine manifolds onto a predefined basis.

A second step focused on the study of the acoustic perfomance of a cylindrical expansion chamber with the aim of investigating the dissipation introduced by the flux limiter and the importance of the shape reconstruction for capturing higher order modes. The final validation was carried out on a single-cylinder engine for motorbike application, where the components exhibiting a high degree of complexity, namely the airbox and the silencer, were modeled by means of the quasi-3D. following a pure geometrical shape recontruction criterion.