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They found that the occupant's kinematics, as opposed to roof crush, were responsible for potentially injurious neck injuries as a result of diving type accident kinematics of the head and torso. This led us to examine seat system, belt restraint system and belt restraint anchorage designs that could potentially improve the occupants head to roof clearance.

Injuries to the thorax and abdomen comprise a significant percentage of all occupant injuries in motor vehicle accidents. While the percentage of internal chest injuries is reduced for restrained front-seat occupants in frontal crashes, serious skeletal chest injuries and abdominal injuries can still result from interaction with steering wheels and restraint systems.

These criteria were modified for airbag noise in the early 1970's, but field accident statistics and experimental results with human volunteers exposed to airbags do not seem to agree with the criteria.

Data from the National Crash Severity Study (NCSS) has been analyzed with respect to lateral impacts. Accident variables, vehicle variables, and occupant variables, and their interactions have been considered. ...Overall, these lateral impact statistics are quite similar to results of other field accident studies, which is an interesting observation given the diverse vehicle and driver populations and the differing traffic situations experienced by those populations.