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There are many methods developed over the past decade to solve the problem of energy management control for hybrid electric vehicles. A novel method is introduced in this paper to address the same problem which reduces the problem to a set of physical equations and maps. In simple terms, this method directly calculates the actual cost or savings in fuel energy from the generation or usage of electric energy. It also calculates the local optimum electric power that yields higher electric fuel savings (EFS) or lower electric fuel cost (EFC) in the fuel energy that is spent for driving the vehicle (which in general does not take the system to the lowest engine Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)). Based on this approach, a control algorithm is developed which attempts to approach the global optimum over a drive cycle.

The design of a demonstration vehicle is presented where improvements to the electrical and air induction systems are made which provide increased performance with improved fuel economy. This is made possible by a 48 V architecture which enables the deployment of new components, specifically a belted motor generator unit (MGU) and electrically-driven compressor (eBooster®). The synergy between these components enables energy efficient means to collect regenerated energy and provide added torque, faster engine response, and extended engine off operation among a list of added features. Control features and strategy are highlighted along with simulation and vehicle test data. Resultant performance and fuel economy benefits are reviewed which support the contention of 48 V being a cost effective architecture to enable CO2 reduction relative to a higher voltage hybrid.

Engine stop/start systems are one technology being developed to meet ever tightening fuel economy regulations. Several production vehicles in the market have adopted stop/start systems with 12 volt batteries and enhanced starters. During engine autostart events (restart after autostop), the engine/vehicle vibration may be objectionable to customers. In this paper, the impact of extended range retarded intake cam phasing on first cycle combustion and vehicle vibration during engine autostart is provided. The engine intake cam phasers of a production vehicle were modified so the effective compression during autostart could be set as low as 3.5. Achieving these autostart conditions while maintaining typical cam timing positions under cold start conditions is achievable with an innovative dual park phaser. NVH measurements and engine speed traces indicate that this approach reduced vibration during engine autostart by a measurable amount. Subjective driver feedback was also positive.