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In India, during 1992, two wheelers numbered around 17 millions compared to only 2.8 million passenger cars. Two wheelers are estimated to consume about 60% of the total gasoline annually. Very little information however, is available on the octane number requirement of two stroke engine two wheelers. In this study, octane number requirement (ONR) of 13 makes of two wheeled vehicles constituting the bulk of current production was measured using full boiling range gasolines as well as primary reference fuels. Knock intensity was measured by an instrument which measures and analyzes cylinder head vibrations in the frequency range of 5 to 12 kHz. Among different makes, ONR varied from 51.5 to 101 research octane number (RON) and 48-86 motor octane number (MON). ONR of the 2-stroke engine powered vehicles measured using primary reference fuels was found to be closer to MON of the full boiling range reference fuels.