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Impulse Towing Loads

2023-04-03
CURRENT
AIR6906
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information about impulse loads that occur during normal aircraft towing operations. An instrumented tow bar was used to characterize towing loads. Suggestions to minimize impulse loads by reducing the tow bar to tow vehicle gap are described.
Standard

Nose Gear Towbarless Tow Vehicle Basic Test Requirements

2022-09-30
CURRENT
ARP5283B
The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852 and ARP4853. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, or are within the aircraft manufacturer’s limits so that they do not affect the certified safe limit of the nose gear. The results of these test evaluations will also determine if a stability problem may occur during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations with the tested airplane/tow vehicle combination. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only.
Standard

Regional Aircraft Towbarless Tow Vehicle - Test Requirements

2022-03-30
CURRENT
ARP5911A
The present Aerospace Recommended Practice specifies for airplane operator and tow vehicle manufacturers the basic testing requirements for towbarless tow vehicles to be used on the nose gear of conventional tricycle type landing gears of commercial civil transport aircraft with maximum ramp weight between 8600 kg (19 000 lb) and 50 000 kg (110 000 lb), commonly designated as “regional aircraft”. Its purpose is to achieve testing results, or equivalent computer modeling, demonstrating that the loads induced by the tow vehicle will not exceed the design loads of the airplane’s nose landing gear and associated structure, reduce the certified safe life limit of the nose landing gear, or otherwise compromise the airplane’s structural integrity and airworthiness certification.
Standard

Design Specification for Regional Aircraft Towbarless Tow Vehicle for Pushback and/or Maintenance Towing Operations

2022-03-28
CURRENT
ARP5916A
The tow vehicle should be designed for towbarless push-back and/or maintenance towing of regional type aircraft as specified in 1.3. The design will ensure that the unit will safely secure the aircraft nose landing gear within the coupling system for any operational mode. The purpose of this towing procedure is to achieve a safer and faster operation than is possible with conventional towing equipment.
Standard

Aircraft Tow Bar

2021-04-08
CURRENT
ARP1915E
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
Standard

Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability Determination

2020-04-29
CURRENT
ARP1328D
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a Uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b Uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c Standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d A standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e A standard method for testing these systems.
Standard

Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability Determination

2017-05-04
HISTORICAL
ARP1328C
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d a standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e a standard method for testing these systems.
Standard

Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability Determination

2012-10-15
HISTORICAL
ARP1328B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend: a uniform criteria for determination of wind loads that aircraft ground support equipment can encounter and yet allow personnel to work safely, b uniform systems for maintaining stability (i.e., stabilizers, outriggers, spring lockout devices), c standardization of specific types of interlock systems and actuation systems, d a standard formula with its associated design criteria for calculating the steady-state wind stability (i.e., tip point) for aircraft ground support equipment, e a standard method for testing these systems.
Standard

Nose Gear Towbarless Tow Vehicle Basic Test Requirements

2012-09-24
HISTORICAL
ARP5283A
The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852 and ARP4853. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, or are within the aircraft manufacturer’s limits so that they do not affect the certified safe limit of the nose gear. The results of these test evaluations will also determine if a stability problem may occur during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations with the tested airplane/tow vehicle combination. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only.
Standard

Aircraft Tow Bar

2010-09-13
HISTORICAL
ARP1915D
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the basic general design considerations for transport aircraft tow bars. It does not cover the requirements for tow bars intended for aircraft with a maximum ramp mass (MRW) below 8600 kg (19 000 lb).
Standard

Aircraft Tow Bar

2005-04-06
HISTORICAL
ARP1915C
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the basic general design considerations for transport aircraft tow bars. It does not cover the requirements for tow bars intended for aircraft with a maximum ramp mass (MRW) below 8,600 kg (19,000 lb).
Standard

Nose Gear Towbarless Tow Vehicle Basic Test Requirements

2005-02-10
HISTORICAL
ARP5283
The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852A and ARP4853A. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, reduce the certified safe life limit of the nose gear, or induce a stability problem during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only. It is not meant for dispatch (operational) towing (see definitions in Section 3). Dispatch towing imposes greater loads on nose gears and structure due to additional passenger, cargo, and fuel loads.
Standard

Design Specification for Regional Aircraft Towbarless Tow Vehicle for Pushback and/or Maintenance Towing Operations

2004-12-30
HISTORICAL
ARP5916
The tow vehicle should be designed for towbarless push-back and/or maintenance towing of regional type aircraft as specified in 1.3. The design will ensure that the unit will safely secure the aircraft nose landing gear within the coupling system for any operational mode. The purpose of this towing procedure is to achieve a safer and faster operation than is possible with conventional towing equipment.
Standard

Aircraft Towbar

1997-12-01
HISTORICAL
ARP1915B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the basic general design considerations for aircraft towbars.
Standard

Aircraft Towbar

1991-05-01
HISTORICAL
ARP1915A
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the basic general design considerations for aircraft towbars.
Standard

Aircraft Towbar

1985-03-01
HISTORICAL
ARP1915
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the basic general design considerations for aircraft towbars.
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