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Standard

Electroplating and Related Finishes

2023-05-22

CURRENT

J474_202305

Electroplating is a process whereby an object is coated with one or more relatively thin, tightly adherent layers of one or more metals. It is accomplished by placing the object to be coated on a plating rack or a fixture, or in a basket or in a rotating container in such a manner that a suitable current may flow through it, and then immersing it in a series of solutions and rinses in planned sequence. The advantage to be gained by electroplating may be considerable; broadly speaking, the process is used when it is desired to endow the basis material (selected for cost, material conservation, and physical property reasons) with surface properties it does not possess. It should be noted that although electroplating is the most widely used process for applying metals to a substrate, they may also be applied by spraying, vacuum deposition, cladding, hot dipping, chemical reduction, mechanical plating, etc.

Standard

Product Analysis - Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical Analysis of a Heat or Cast of Steel

2021-07-15

CURRENT

J409_202107

Supplementary to the heat or cast analysis, a product analysis may be made on steel in the semifinished or finished form. For definitions and methods of sampling steel for product chemical analysis, refer to SAE J408. A product analysis is a chemical analysis of the semifinished or finished steel to determine conformance to the specification requirements. The range of the specified chemical composition is normally expanded to take into account deviations associated with analytical reproducibility and the heterogeneity of the steel. Individual determinations may vary from the specified heat or cast analysis ranges or limits to the extent shown in Tables 1 through 5. The several determinations of any element in a heat or cast may not vary both above and below the specified range except for lead. Tables 1 through 5 provide permissible limits for various steel forms and composition types.

Standard

Glossary of Carbon Steel Sheet and Strip Terms

2019-07-29

CURRENT

J940_201907

This glossary is intended to provide engineers, metallurgists, and production personnel with uniform definitions of commonly used carbon sheet and strip terms. The glossary serves to supplement information and photographs reported in SAE J810, J763, J877, J863, and J403. Many of the terms listed apply only to hot-dipped zinc-coated products or to uncoated products. The letter C following the term identifies a term applying to coated materials, while the letters NC identify a term applying to uncoated materials. Where no identification is provided, the term is common to both.

Standard

Automotive Metallurgical Joining

2018-01-10

CURRENT

J836_201801

This report is an abbreviated summary of metallurgical joining by welding, brazing, and soldering. It is generally intended to reflect current usage in the automotive industry; however, it does include some of the more recently developed processes. More comprehensive coverage of materials, processing details, and equipment required may be found in the Welding Handbook, Soldering Manual, and other publications of the American Welding Society and the American Society for Testing and Materials. AWS Automotive Welding Committee publications on Recommended Practices are particularly recommended for the design or product engineer. This report is not intended to cover mechanical joining such as rivets or screw fasteners, or chemical joining processes such as adhesive joining.

Standard

Wrought Copper and Copper Alloys

2018-01-10

CURRENT

J463_201801

This standard1 describes the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for a wide range of wrought copper and copper alloys used in the automotive and related industries.

Standard

Hardness Tests and Hardness Number Conversions

2018-01-10

CURRENT

J417_201801

This report lists approximate hardness conversion values; test methods for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Shore Hardness; and information regarding surface preparation, specimen thickness, effect of curved surfaces, and recommendations for Rockwell surface hardness testing for case hardened parts. The tables in this report give the approximate relationship of Vickers Brinell, Rockwell, and Scleroscope hardness values and corresponding approximate tensile strengths of steels. It is impossible to give exact relationships because of the inevitable influence of size, mass, composition, and method of heat treatment. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for each steel composition, heat treatment, and part.

Standard

General Information - Chemical Compositions, Mechanical and Physical Properties of SAE Aluminum Casting Alloys

2018-01-10

CURRENT

J452_201801

The SAE Standards for aluminum casting alloys cover a wide range of castings for general and special use, but do not include all the alloys in commercial use. Over the years, aluminum alloys have been identified by many numbering systems as shown in Table 1. Presently, SAE is recommending the use of the UNS Numbering System to identify these materials. The castings are made principally by sand cast, permanent mold, or die cast methods; however, shell molding, investment casting, plaster cast, and other less common foundry methods may also be used. If the alloys listed do not have the desired characteristics, it is recommended that the manufacturers of aluminum castings be consulted.

Standard

Magnesium Casting Alloys

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J465_201801

This document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards Board Format This SAE Standard covers the most commonly used magnesium alloys suitable for casting by the various commercial processes. The chemical composition limits and minimum mechanical properties are shown. Over the years, magnesium alloys have been identified by many numbering systems, as shown in Table 1. Presently, SAE is recommending the use of the use of the UNS numbering system to identify those materials. Other equally important characteristics such as surface finish and dimensional tolerances are not covered in this standard.

Standard

Zinc Alloy Ingot and Die Casting Compositions

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J468_201801

SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONS—UNS Z33521, former SAE 903, ingot is similar to ASTM B 240-79, Alloy AG40A; and UNS Z33520, former SAE 903, die casting is similar to ASTM B 86-76, Alloy AG40A. UNS Z35530, former SAE 925, ingot is similar to ASTM B 240-79, Alloy AC41A; and UNS Z35531, former SAE 925, die casting is similar to ASTM B 86-82a, Alloy AC41A.

Standard

Tool and Die Steels

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J438_201801

This standard covers the identification, classification, and chemical composition of tool and die steels for use by engineers, metallurgists, tool designers, tool room supervisors, heat treaters, and tool makers.

Standard

Bearing Bushing Alloys Chemical Composition of SAE Bearing and Bushing Alloys

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J460_201801

Compositions apply to the finished bearing or bearing lining, not necessarily to the alloy at an intermediate processing stage. All values not given as ranges are maxima. (See Tables 1 through 5.)

Standard

Cast Copper Alloys

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J462_201801

This standard prescribes the chemical and mechanical requirements for a wide range of copper base casting alloys used in the automotive industry. It is not intended to cover ingot. (ASTM B30 is suggested for this purpose.)

Standard

General Data on Wrought Aluminum Alloys

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J454_201801

The SAE Standards for wrought aluminum alloys cover materials with a considerable range of properties and other characteristics, but do not include all of the commercially available materials. If none of the materials listed in Tables 1 through 7 provides the characteristics required by a particular application, users may find it helpful to consult with the suppliers of aluminum alloy products. See companion document, SAE J1434.

Standard

Chemical Compositions of SAE Wrought Stainless Steels

2018-01-09

CURRENT

J405_201801

The chemical composition of standard types of wrought stainless steels are listed in ASTM Specification A240. The UNS 20000 series designates nickel-chromium manganese, corrosion resistant types that are nonhardenable by thermal treatment. The UNS 30000 series are nickel-chromium, corrosion resistant steels, nonhardenable by thermal treatment. The UNS 40000 however, includes both a hardenable, martensitic chromium steel and nonhardenable, ferritic, chromium steel. Reference to SAE J412 is suggested for general information and usage of these types of materials. See Table 1.

Standard

Electroplate Requirements for Decorative Chromium Deposits on Zinc Base Materials Used for Exterior Ornamentation

2017-12-20

CURRENT

J1837_201712

This SAE Standard covers the physical and performance requirements for electrodeposited copper, nickel, and chromium deposits on exterior ornamentation fabricated from die cast zinc alloys (SAE J468 alloys 903 and 925), and wrought zinc strip (ASTM B 69). This type of coating is designed to provide a high degree of corrosion resistance for automotive, truck, marine, and farm usage where a bright, decorative finish is desired.

Standard

Chemical Compositions, Mechanical Property Limits, and Dimensional Tolerances of SAE Wrought Aluminum Alloys

2017-12-20

CURRENT

J457_201712

This SAE Standard for wrought aluminum alloys provides sources of chemical and mechanical property data for a considerable range of alloys with varying properties, structures, and applications.

Standard

Methods for Determining Plastic Deformation in Sheet Metal Stampings

2015-04-28

CURRENT

J863_201504

This SAE Recommended Practice describes methods for determining plastic deformation encountered in the forming or drawing of sheet steel.

Standard

Selecting and Specifying Hot and Cold Rolled Steel Sheet and Strip

2015-04-28

CURRENT

J126_201504

This SAE Recommended Practice outlines a procedure for selecting the proper specification for carbon steel sheet and strip which are purchased to make an identified part. Specifications considered are: ASTM A109—Steel, Carbon, Cold Rolled Strip. ASTM A569—Steel, Carbon (0.15 maximum percent), Hot Rolled Sheet, Commercial Quality (HRCQ). ASTM A621—Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Hot Rolled, Drawing Quality (HRDQ). ASTM A622—Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Hot Rolled, Drawing Quality, Special Killed (HRDQSK). ASTM A568—Steel, Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Hot Rolled Sheet, and Cold Rolled Sheet, General Requirements. ASTM A366—Steel, Carbon, Cold Rolled Sheet, Commercial Quality (CRCQ). ASTM A619—Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold Rolled, Drawing Quality (CRDQ). ASTM A620—Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold Rolled, Drawing Quality, Special Killed (CRDQSK). ASTM A749M—Steel, Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy, Hot Rolled Strip, General Requirements.

Standard

Carbon and Alloy Steels

2015-01-23

CURRENT

J411_201501

This SAE Information Report describes the processing and fabrication of carbon and alloy steels. The basic steelmaking process including iron ore reduction, the uses of fluxes, and the various melting furnaces are briefly described. The various types of steels: killed, rimmed, semikilled, and capped are described in terms of their melting and microstructural differences and their end product use. This document also provides a list of the commonly specified elements used to alloy elemental iron into steel. Each element’s structural benefits and effects are also included. A list of the AISI Steel Products Manuals is included and describes the various finished shapes in which steel is produced.

Standard

Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels

2014-06-30

HISTORICAL

J403_201406

In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division, in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower cast or heat analysis ranges plus certain product analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels. For years the variety of chemical compositions of steel has been a matter of concern in the steel industry. It was recognized that production of fewer grades of steel could result in improved deliveries and provide a better opportunity to achieve advances in technology, manufacturing practices, and quality, and thus develop more fully the possibilities of application inherent in those grades.