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This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers forced air technology including: reference material, equipment, safety, operation, and methodology. This resource document is intended to provide information and minimum safety guidelines regarding use of forced air or forced air/fluid equipment to remove frozen contaminants. During the effective period of this document, relevant sections herein should be considered and included in all/any relevant SAE documents.

This document is intended to satisfy the data reporting requirements of standardization regulations in the United States and Europe, and any other market that may adopt similar requirements in the future. This document specifies: a Message formats for request and response messages. b Timing requirements between request messages from external test equipment and response messages from vehicles, and between those messages and subsequent request messages. c Behavior of both the vehicle and external test equipment if data is not available. d A set of diagnostic services, with corresponding content of request and response messages. e Standardized source and target addresses for clients and vehicle. This document includes capabilities required to satisfy OBD requirements for multiple regions, model years, engine types, and vehicle types. At the time of publication many regional regulations are not yet final and are expected to change in the future.

This proposed revision of the Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP6973) will provide minor edits to the existing document, plus an alternative third method for measuring the aircraft noise level reduction of building façades that is currently being validated. Airports and their consultants will be able to use any of the three methods presented in this revised ARP to determine the eligibility of structures exposed to aircraft noise to participate in an FAA-funded Airport Noise Mitigation Project, to determine the treatments required to meet project objectives, and to verify that such objectives are satisfied.

The document aims to provide guidance for safe practices, effective operations and continued compliance with revelant standards and aircraft manufacturer’s recommendations.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to verify that vehicles and/or components are capable of communicating a required set of information, which is described by the diagnostic messages specified in SAE J1939-73, that is in accordance with off-board diagnostic tool interface requirements contained in the government regulations cited below. This document describes the tests, methods, and results for verifying diagnostic communications from an off-board diagnostic tool (i.e., scan tool) to a vehicle and/or component. SAE members have generated this document to serve as a guide for testing vehicles for compliance with ARB and other requirements for emissions-related on-board diagnostic (OBD) functions for heavy-duty engines used in medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. The development of HD OBD regulations by U.S.

This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of APU (auxiliary power unit) engines. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. The baseline performance is generally determined at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) designated test facility. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEMs contributed to the development of this document. Each engine Manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMs for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.

This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of turboprop and turboshaft engines. This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) shall apply to both dynamometer and propeller based testing. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEMs contributed to the development of this document. Each engine manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMS for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.

This SAE Recommended Practice presents recommendations for test fuels and fluids that can be used to simulate real world fuels. The use of standardized test fluids is required in order to limit the variability found in commercial fuels and fluids. Commercial fuels can vary substantially between manufacturers, batches, seasons, and geographic location. Further, standardized test fluids are universally available and will promote consistent test results for materials testing. Therefore, this document: a Explains commercial automotive fuel components b Defines standardized components of materials test fluids c Defines a nomenclature for test fluids d Describes handling and usage of test fuels e Recommends fluids for testing fuel system materials The test fluid compositions specified in Section 7 of this document are recommended solely for evaluating materials.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of turbofan and turbojet engines. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. When baseline testing is performed in an indoor test cell, the baseline performance data are adjusted to open air conditions. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEM’s contributed to the development of this document. Each engine Manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMs for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the continuous sampling and analysis of gaseous emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines. The measured gas species include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrocarbons (HC), and water vapor (H2O). This ARP excludes engine operating procedures and test modes, and is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to engines operating in the afterburning mode. It is recognized that there will probably be major advances in the gas analysis measurement technology. It is not the intent of this ARP to exclude other analysis techniques, but to form the basis of the minimum amount of conventional instruments (those in common industry usage over the last fifteen years) required for the analysis of aircraft engine exhaust.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) summarizes prior empirical findings (AIAA 2018-3991; Chati, 2018) to recommend a modified baseline fuel flow rate model for jet-powered commercial aircraft during taxi operations on the airport surface that better reflects operational values. Existing standard modeling approaches are found to significantly overestimate the taxi fuel flow rate; therefore, a modified multiplicative factor is recommended to be applied to these existing approaches to make them more accurate. Results from the analysis of operational flight data are reported, which form the basis for the modeling enhancements being recommended.

This specification describes a method and acceptance criteria for testing automotive wire harness retainer clips. Retainer clips are plastic parts that hold a wire harness or electrical connector in a specific position. Typical plastic retainers work by having a set of “branches” that can be inserted into a hole sized to be easy to install but provide acceptable retention. This specification tests retainer clips for mechanical retention when exposed to the mechanical and environmental stresses typically found in automotive applications over a 15-year service life. This specification has several test options to allow the test to match to the expected service conditions. The variability of applications typically arises from different ambient temperatures near the clip, different proximity to automotive fluids, different exposure to standing water or water spray, and different thicknesses of the holes that the clip is inserted into.

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to describe test conditions and performance evaluation factors for both diesel and gasoline engine tests. Specifically, the tests described in this document are used to measure the engine performance requirements for engine oils described by the API Service Categories described in API Publication 1509, ASTM D4485, SAE J183, and SAE J1423 standards, U.S. military specifications, and ILSAC GF Standards.

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform chassis dynamometer test procedures for hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) designed for public roads. This recommended practice provides instructions for measuring and calculating the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of such vehicles over the following standard test cycles: the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HFEDS), the US06 Driving Schedule (US06), the SC03 Driving Schedule (SC03), and the cold-start Federal Test Procedure (cold FTP), which is based on the UDDS. However, the procedures are structured so that other driving schedules may be substituted, provided that the corresponding preparatory procedures, test lengths, and weighting factors are modified accordingly. This document does not specify which emissions constituents to measure (e.g., HC, CO, NOx, CO2); instead, that decision will depend on the objectives of the tester.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a testing procedure to determine the performance capability of heavy-duty vehicle cooling systems to meet Original Equipment Manufacturer or end user thermal specifications to ensure long term reliable vehicle operations. The recommendations from the present document are intended for heavy-duty vehicles including, but not limited to, on- and off-highway trucks, buses, cranes, drill rigs, construction, forestry, and agricultural machines.

SAE J1979-3 describes the communication between the zero emissions propulsion systems and test equipment required by government regulations. Standardization regulations require passenger cars and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks to support a minimum set of diagnostic information to external (off-board) “generic” test equipment. To achieve this, SAE J1979-3 is based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Refer to Model in accordance with ISO/IEC 7498-1 and ISO/IEC 10731, which structures communication systems into seven layers.

SAE J1979-3 describes the communication between the zero emissions propulsion systems and test equipment required by government regulations. Standardization regulations require passenger cars and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks to support a minimum set of diagnostic information to external (off-board) “generic” test equipment. To achieve this, SAE J1979-3 is based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Refer to Model in accordance with ISO/IEC 7498-1 and ISO/IEC 10731, which structures communication systems into seven layers.

This document provides an overview on how and why EGR coolers are utilized, defines commonly used nomenclature, discusses design issues and trade-offs, and identifies common failure modes. The reintroduction of selectively cooled exhaust gas into the combustion chamber is just one component of the emission control strategy for internal combustion (IC) engines, both diesel and gasoline, and is useful in reducing exhaust port emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Other means of reducing NOx exhaust port emissions are briefly mentioned, but beyond the scope of this document.

This SAE Recommended Practice incorporates dynamometer test procedures that produce riding range estimates for electric motorcycles during stop-and-go urban riding on surface streets and commuting trips in urban areas that include operation on freeways. This is typically done using a “coastdown” approach by disengaging the engine and assuming all losses are aerodynamic. However, with inherent losses in an electric motor, and no way to fully disengage the motor, another approach is to use a “on-road, constant speed” (Appendix B) method for fully electric vehicles to develop dynamometer coefficients.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes procedures for calculating fuel consumption for civil jet airplanes through all modes of operation for all segments of a flight. Turboprop and piston airplanes, as well as helicopters or unconventional aircraft, are not included in this AIR. The principle purpose of these procedures is to assist model developers in calculating airplane fuel consumption in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements. This AIR is intended to directly support the emission calculations documented in AIR5715. The models described in this AIR are intended to be used from the start of the takeoff roll to the end of the ground roll; taxi fuel consumption models are not included. If modelers have access to higher fidelity methods, they should use those methods in lieu of the ones in this AIR.