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Despite the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries in various applications such as energy storage, concerns related to thermal management have been persisting, primarily due to the heat generated during their operation and the associated adverse effects on its efficiency, safety, and lifetime. Hence, the thermal characterization of lithium-ion batteries is essential for optimizing the layout of the battery cells for a pack design and the corresponding thermal management system. This study focuses on an experimental investigation of heat generation of Li-ion batteries under different operating conditions, including charge-discharge rates, ambient temperatures, states of charge, and compressive pressure. The experiments were conducted using a custom-designed multifunctional calorimeter, enabling precise measurement of the heat generation rate of the battery and the entropy coefficient. The measured results have shown a good match with the calculated heat generation rate.

Analysis of thermal behavior of Lithium ion battery is one of crucial issues to ensure a safe and durable operation. Temperature is the physical quantity that is widely used for analysis, but limited for accurate investigations of behavior of heat generation of battery because of sensitivities affected by heat transfer in experiments. Calorimeter available commercially is widely used to measure the heat generation of battery, but does not follow required dynamics because of a relatively large thermal time constant given by cavity and a limited heat transfer capability. In this paper, we proposed a highly dynamic calorimeter that was constructed using two thermoelectric devices (TEMs). For the design of the calorimeter and its calibration, a printed circuit board (PCB) with the same size as the battery was used as a dummy load to generate controlled heat.