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Current automotive diesel engine research is motivated by the need to meet more-and-more strict emission regulations. The major target for future HSDI combustion research and development is to find the most effective ways of reducing the soot particulate and NOx emissions to the levels required by future emission regulations. Recently, a variety of statistical optimization tools have been proposed to optimize engine-operating conditions for emissions reduction. In this study, a micro-genetic algorithm technique, which locates a global optimum via the law of “the survival of the fittest”, was applied to a high-speed, direct-injection, single-cylinder (HSDI) diesel engine. The engine operating condition considered single-injection operation using a common-rail fuel injection system was at 1757 rev/min and 45% load.