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This report is a contribution to the understanding of inlet aerodynamics and cooling system resistance. A characterization of the performance capability of a vehicle front-end and underhood, called the ram curve, is introduced. It represents the pressure recovery/loss of the front-end subsystem - the inlet openings, underhood, and underbody. The mathematical representation, derived from several experimental investigations on vehicles and components, has four basic terms: Inlet ram pressure recovery; free-stream energy recovered when the vehicle is moving Basic inlet loss; inlet restriction when the vehicle is stationary Pressure loss of the engine bay Engine bay-exit pressure Not surprisingly, the amount of frontal projection of radiator area through the grille, bumper and front-end structure (called projected inlet area), and flow uniformity play a major role in estimating inlet aerodynamic performance.

There is little information in the technical literature about the dependence of drag coefficient, CD, on aspect ratio (height/width) for car and truck aerodynamics. Some of the information suggests that CD should increase with aspect ratio as the flow over the body becomes more two dimensional. Recent tests of candidate shapes for a commercial van with various roof heights suggested the opposite is true; the taller vans had lower drag coefficients. This report discusses the results of several experimental investigations to examine this relationship. Scale model and production drag measurements of commercial vans are presented along with drag measurements of simple shapes. The shapes consisted of eight radiused rectangular boxes of constant length and frontal area, but with different height/width ratios. The effects of underbody roughness and bumper presence were evaluated and are discussed.