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Pollutant emissions and the fuel/energy consumption of vehicles in real driving conditions are increasingly becoming the focus of public and legislative attention. According to the Euro 6d standard, vehicles must comply with emission limits on the test bed and on the road (Real Driving Emissions, RDE). This paper discusses a methodology that enables RDE compliance and robustness testing of engines and propulsion systems using a new phenomenological traffic simulation approach. The approach is based on virtual test driving and can be used in pure simulation as well as for testing at test beds based on the road-to-rig concept. A real route is digitized and a vehicle model (digital twin) of the target vehicle is built that models the driving resistances and vehicle dynamics properties of the real car. Finally, a virtual driver (driver model) drives the vehicle model on the digitized route considering also traffic objects, road signs and traffic lights.

The evaluation of vehicle characteristics at an early phase of functional development is a key task in the definition of a viable system architecture. Today this is complicated by the fact that full vehicle characteristics, in particular those of modern hybrid vehicles, are dependent on a broad range of electrical, mechanical, thermal and control-related partial aspects. In addition to the current driving status and information on the environment, modern energy management systems (e.g. control systems, range, charging and thermal management) also require predictive information on the driving route to be expected. This includes, for example, uphill road grades, curve radii, speed limits, number of lanes, urban and residential areas, intersections and traffic lights. All together, the intelligent fusion of this information provides for increased safety and energy efficiency.