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Low-dimensional materials are essential in optoelectronic, electrical, and contemporary photonics areas because of their specific properties with decreased dimensions. Low-dimensional materials are those with dimensions in the nanoscale range that are between 1 and 100 nm. Halide perovskites of low dimension can be produced inexpensively using solution-processable procedures, unlike usual semiconductor nanomaterials. Since halide perovskite in thin layers may be produced utilizing a variety of solution-based techniques like simple spin coating. It is possible to produce it with a variety of compositions using low-cost, simple, and large-scale procedures. Quantum dots, perovskite nanoplatelets, nanosheets, perovskite nanorods or nanowires, and other low-dimensional perovskites are all examples of such small-dimensional devices that have been created in a range of morphologies (two-dimensional).

The sun has tremendous potential to address the world’s increasing energy needs, but the increased cost of employing lunar power is a considerable hurdle when equated to more conventional energy sources. The low energy density and low conversion efficiency of solar radiation, expensive raw materials, and labor-intensive manufacturing process all contribute to the high cost of a photovoltaic system. In the last ten years, advances in nano science and nanotechnology have opened up new possibilities for the creation of effective solar cells. Designing semiconductor, metal, and polymer nanostructure designs for solar cells has become possible. Understanding the methods involved in the photovoltaic energy conversion like optical and electrical process, has also benefited from theoretical and modelling studies. The high price and insufficient efficiency of current solar cells prevent the widespread usage of solar energy.