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Energy demand climbs as a consequence of the inherent relationship between the rate of consumption of energy and the growth of the economy. In light of the depletion of fossil fuels, it is necessary to implement energy efficiency techniques and policies that support sustainable development. Globally, researchers show more interest in discovering fossil fuel alternatives, as a result of fuel crisis. This research elaborates on the production and experimental investigation of briquettes made from ideal municipal solid waste (MSW), such as food waste and garden waste, as a feasible choice for alternate fossil fuels. From Municipal, agricultural, and food waste, we can get biomass waste. Municipal solid and agricultural waste is extensively dispersed, but their potential for converting biomass into energy generation still needs to be explored. This study was carried out based on the information gathered from various studies published in the scientific literature.

In the current scenario, durable exhaust system design, development and manufacturing are mandatory for the vehicle to be competitive and challenging in the automotive market. Material selection for the exhaust system plays a major role due to the increased warranty requirements and regulatory compliances. The materials used in the automotive exhaust application are cast iron, stainless steel, mild steel. The materials of the exhaust systems should be heat resistant, wear and corrosion resistant. Stainless steel is the most commonly used material in the automotive exhaust system. Due to increasing cost of nickel and some other alloying elements, there is a need to replace the stainless steel with EN 8 steel. Recent trends are towards light weight concepts, cost reduction and better performance. In order to reduce the cost and to achieve better wear and corrosion resistance, the surface of the EN 8 steel is modified with coatings.

Piston rings are used to seal the cavity formed between the piston and cylinder in order to allow the engine to operate efficiently. The Piston rings wear out due to constant rubbing action with cylinder wall and also have to withstand very high temperature. The top compression ring is the closest to combustion gases and is exposed to the greatest amount of chemical corrosion and highest operating temperature. This has lead to development of new coatings to piston ring with good wear and corrosion resistance. One such coating is Nickel Phosphorus (Ni-P) and Nickel Phosphorus composite coating (Ni-P SiC) used in automotive industry. Reinforcement of ceramic particle not only enhances the tribological property but also the corrosion resistance behavior. The electroplated Ni-P & Ni-P metal matrix with ultra-fine SiC particles of 0.6 microns to a coating thickness of 30 microns minimum.