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Surface integrity is an important factor in the effective functioning of a component. For this reason, the surface finish is given as meticulous attention as possible, while quality checks are rigorous. The process parameters affecting surface roughness are carefully controlled, with many preventive measures enforced to avoid deviation from the tolerance limits. Surface finish is an important part of the load-bearing properties of a surface as the asperities on its surface first come into contact with the mating surfaces. On contact, the asperities are flattened, and there is debris formation. These asperities are critical in joint replacements where Titanium is a material of choice, as the debris can react with bones and even cause necrosis of bone. The surface finish of Titanium is important as the asperities can function as points of stress when subjected to loads. Stress concentrators are detrimental to a material’s life; therefore, a part’s surface finish becomes critical.

AISI 1050 is used in the production of landing gear, actuators and other aerospace components but their application is limited due to machinability of the material. In any metal cutting operation the features of tools, input work materials, machine parameter settings will influence the process efficiency and output quality characteristics. A significant improvement in process efficiency may be obtained by process parameter optimization that identifies and determines the regions of critical process control factors leading to desired outputs or responses with acceptable variations ensuring a lower cost of manufacturing. This experimental study elucidates the problems and machinability issues like failure of tools and accuracy are found while machining and less output in machining. In the present study of spherodizing heat treatment of AISI 1050 was investigated during the turning operation in CNC lathe, under the consideration of several turning process parameters.

Navigation of visually challenged persons is found tough, as they frequently do not get the essential details for escaping the perils and risk they come across when they want to reach a destination. Modernization of the world leads to the usage of technologically equipped devices to make compact and cost-effective setup. In order to help the visually impaired person to navigate securely swiftly an impediment identification system employing techno equipment such as Ultrasonic Sensors (US) and Universal Serial camera-based visual navigation system is proposed. The proposed framework identifies obstruction via the US and transmits audio signals as feedback to guide the individual about the location to be reached. Moreover, for capturing the location where the person has to move a universal serial bus (USB) webcam is employed. USB webcam is also deployed to distinguish between a human and an obstacle.

In the present work, it is aimed at developing an integrated approach for combustor modeling involving rapid prototyping and water tunnel testing to assess the cold flow numerical simulations; the physical model will be subjected to cold flow visualization and parametric studies and CFD analysis to demonstrate its capability for undergoing rigorous cold flow testing. A straight through annular combustors is chosen for the present study because of it has low pressure drop, less weight and used widely in modern day aviation engines. Numerical Analysis has been performed using ANSYS-FLUENT. Three dimensional RANS equations are solved using k-ɛ model for the Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.64 x 105-1.5 x 105 based on the annulus diameter. Post processing the results is done in terms of jet penetration, formation of recirculation zone, effective mixing, flow split and pressure drop for different cases.

In the current scenario, durable exhaust system design, development and manufacturing are mandatory for the vehicle to be competitive and challenging in the automotive market. Material selection for the exhaust system plays a major role due to the increased warranty requirements and regulatory compliances. The materials used in the automotive exhaust application are cast iron, stainless steel, mild steel. The materials of the exhaust systems should be heat resistant, wear and corrosion resistant. Stainless steel is the most commonly used material in the automotive exhaust system. Due to increasing cost of nickel and some other alloying elements, there is a need to replace the stainless steel with EN 8 steel. Recent trends are towards light weight concepts, cost reduction and better performance. In order to reduce the cost and to achieve better wear and corrosion resistance, the surface of the EN 8 steel is modified with coatings.

Piston rings are used to seal the cavity formed between the piston and cylinder in order to allow the engine to operate efficiently. The Piston rings wear out due to constant rubbing action with cylinder wall and also have to withstand very high temperature. The top compression ring is the closest to combustion gases and is exposed to the greatest amount of chemical corrosion and highest operating temperature. This has lead to development of new coatings to piston ring with good wear and corrosion resistance. One such coating is Nickel Phosphorus (Ni-P) and Nickel Phosphorus composite coating (Ni-P SiC) used in automotive industry. Reinforcement of ceramic particle not only enhances the tribological property but also the corrosion resistance behavior. The electroplated Ni-P & Ni-P metal matrix with ultra-fine SiC particles of 0.6 microns to a coating thickness of 30 microns minimum.