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The effects of gasoline composition, as represented in typical regular and premium unleaded gasolines and fuel additives, on Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) were investigated in BMW and Ford tests. In addition, the influences of engine lubricant oil and ethanol oxygenate on CCD were examined in Ford 2.3L engine dynamometer tests. Also, additive effects of packages based on mineral oil fluidizers versus synthetic fluidizers were studied in several different engines for CCD. Finally, a new method for evaluating the effect of fluidizers on valve sticking is introduced.

A test was developed by the Cummins Engine Company to evaluate Diesel fuel quality and potential additive effects. This test utilizes a Cummins L10 Diesel engine with a PT fuel system and stepped plunger injectors. A modified CRC rating system is used to quantify deposit levels. This paper further investigates the L10 Injector Depositing Test and will focus on Diesel fuel and additive variables. In the original work, the bulk of the data was collected on an industry standard reference fuel, Cat 1-H, as opposed to commercially available Diesel fuels. Commercially available Diesel fuel varies in composition with regard to sulfur level, percent aromatics, final distillation end point, and cetane number. To evaluate these fuel properties and their possible effects on injector deposit formation, two test matrices were designed. The first experiment is a 12-run fractional factorial design with four factors: additive level, sulfur, aromatics, and 90 percent distillation point (T90).