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New ductile cast iron flywheel integrated with gear and its manufacturing process were developed to reduce the manufacturing steps and cost compared with conventional flywheel around which a steel ring gear is fit. In this process, the ring gear teeth around a cast iron flywheel are formed directly in net shape and free from any defect by the hot form-rolling method, followed by the thermomechanical treatment in a short time. The gear is superior to that made by the conventional hobbing and heat treatment in accuracy, strength and anti-wear property.

To reduce diesel odor its first essential that a simple but accurate method of measuring odor level be available. Various approaches were considered but found to give poor correlation to the odor intensity as assessed by professional perfumers. However a method utilizing a cold trap and measurement of the odor components' pH correlated very closely to the human olfactory sense. This method proved capable of accurately measuring even small changes in odor level and was applied to a study of the effects on odor Levels of changes in engine specifications and operating conditions. The results indicated that squish area geometry greatly affects diesel odor.