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When dump trucks unload dusty materials, dust particles with a diameter of 1 to 75 microns slide out of the dump body and float into the air. Dust particles naturally settle down spending a few hours, which causes air pollution. People who work in this environment daily suffer serious physical harm. To study the movement of dust particles during the unloading process, a scaled-down model is used to simulate the process of dump truck unloading gravel, and a high frame rate camera is used to record the movement trajectory of dust particles during the unloading process. In this paper, by observing the movement process of unloading dust particles by dump trucks, based on the principle of dynamics, a mathematical model describing the unloading of dust particles in the dump body and a mathematical model of the diffusion of dust particles in the air are established. Take the small gravel sampled at the construction site as an example of the experiment.

The articulated steering system is widely used in engineering vehicles due to its high mobility and low steering radius. The design parameters have a vital impact on the selection of the steering system assemblies, such as the operation stroke, pressure, and force of the hydraulic cylinders during the steering process, which will affect the system weight. The system energy consumption is also relevant to the geometry parameters. According to the kinetic analysis of the steering system and dynamic analysis of the steering process, the kinetic model of an engineering vehicle steering system is built, and the length and pressure variation of the cylinder is calculated and validated by the field test. The influence of the factors is analyzed based on the established model. To lower the system weight, needed pressure, and force, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization method is initiated to optimize the geometry parameter of the articulated steering system.