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Information on Brake-By-Wire (BBW) Brake Control Systems

2019-10-25
CURRENT
AIR5372A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design approaches used for current applications of aircraft Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems. The document also discusses the experience gained during service, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The document includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on the current state of the art systems.
Standard

Information on Electric Brakes

2019-02-15
CURRENT
AIR5937
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design, operation, and attributes of electrical braking systems for both military and commercial aircraft. At this time, the document focuses only on brakes utilizing electromechanical actuators (EMAs), as that is the present state of the art. As such, the discussions herein assume that EMAs can simply replace the hydraulic actuation portion of typical brake system leaving things such as the wheel and heat sink unchanged. Furthermore, the document provides detail information from the perspective of brake system design and operation. The document also addresses failure modes, certification issues, and past development efforts. Details on the design and control of electric motors, gear train design, ball or roller screw selection are available in the reference documents and elsewhere, but are outside the scope of this document.
Standard

Braking System Dynamics

2016-11-16
CURRENT
AIR1064D
The aircraft landing gear is a complex multi-degree of freedom dynamic system, and may encounter vibration or dynamic response problems induced by braking action. The vibratory modes can be induced by brake and tire-ground frictional characteristics, antiskid operation, brake design features, landing gear design features, and tire characteristics. The impact of this vibration can range from catastrophic failure of critical system components or entire landing gears, to fatigue of small components, to passenger annoyance. It is therefore important that the vibration is assessed during the design concept phase, and verified during the development and testing phases of the system hardware. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the A-5A Subcommittee to present an overview of the landing gear problems associated with aircraft braking system dynamics, and the approaches to the identification, diagnosis, and solution of these problems.
Standard

Aircraft Brake Temperature Monitor Systems (BTMS)

2016-09-14
CURRENT
AS1145C
This specification covers minimum requirements for brake temperature monitoring equipment whenever used on any type and model of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.
Standard

Automatic Braking Systems

2016-01-25
CURRENT
ARP1907C
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.
Standard

Automatic Braking Systems

2014-08-20
HISTORICAL
ARP1907B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.
Standard

Aircraft Tire Inflation-Deflation Equipment

2014-07-11
CURRENT
AS1188A
This specification covers minimum design and test requirements for aircraft tire inflation-deflation equipment for use on all types of aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the airframe manufacturer to determine the compatibility of the requirement with the applicable aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.
Standard

Information on Brake-By-Wire (BBW) Brake Control Systems

2013-04-22
HISTORICAL
AIR5372
A panel of the SAE A-5A Committee prepared this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR). The document describes the design approaches used for current applications of Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems that are used on commercial and military airplanes. The document also discusses the experience gained during service in the commercial and military environments, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The treatment includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on systems that use the electro-hydraulic method of control. The overall range of implementations is briefly described in 2.3. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe the electro-hydraulic method in detail.
Standard

Design and Testing of Antiskid Brake Control Systems for Total Aircraft Compatibility

2013-04-22
HISTORICAL
ARP1070C
This document recommends minimum requirements for antiskid brake control to provide total aircraft systems compatibility. Design and operational goals, general theory, and functions, which should be considered by the aircraft brake system engineer to attain the most effective skid control performance, are covered in detail. Methods of determining and evaluating antiskid system performance are discussed. While this document specifically addresses antiskid systems which are a part of a hydraulically actuated brake system, the recommended practices are equally applicable to brakes actuated by other means, such as electrically actuated brakes.
Standard

Skid Control System Vibration Survey

2012-09-05
CURRENT
AIR764D
This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.
Standard

Minimum Performance Recommendations for Part 23, 27, and 29 Aircraft Wheels, Brakes, and Wheel and Brake Assemblies

2012-07-19
CURRENT
ARP5381A
This Minimum Performance Document defines the testing required for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on civil aircraft certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this document is recommended to assure that the equipment supplied will meet the intended design function when installed on aircraft. Compliance with this document does not constitute authorization for installation on an aircraft. The combined recommendations of this document provide an acceptable practice, but not the only practice, for obtaining authorization to apply TSO markings on the equipment.
Standard

Aircraft Brake Temperature Monitor Systems (BTMS)

2012-05-09
HISTORICAL
AS1145B
This specification covers minimum requirements for brake temperature monitoring equipment whenever used on any type and model of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.
Standard

Aircraft Tire Inflation-Deflation Equipment

2008-06-16
HISTORICAL
AS1188
This specification covers minimum design and test requirements for aircraft tire inflation-deflation equipment for use on all types of aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the airframe manufacturer to determine the compatibility of the requirement with the applicable aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.
Standard

SKID CONTROL SYSTEM VIBRATION SURVEY

2008-06-16
HISTORICAL
AIR764C
This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.
Standard

Skid Control Equipment

2007-12-12
HISTORICAL
AS483B
This standard covers minimum requirements for skid control equipment for use on all types and models of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.
Standard

Automatic Braking Systems Requirements

2006-10-26
HISTORICAL
ARP1907A
This ARP covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.
Standard

Design and Testing of Antiskid Brake Control Systems for Total Aircraft Compatibility

2006-10-26
HISTORICAL
ARP1070B
This document covers the general requirements for aircraft skid control systems and their components. Methods of defining skid control system performance criteria for design and evaluation purposes are outlined and recommended. Design and operational goals, general theory, and functions, which should be considered by the aircraft brake system engineer to attain the most effective skid control performance, are covered in detail. Recommended methods for measuring performance of a skid control system are included.
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