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This specification covers the general requirements for conventional AC and/or DC current carrying filter networks for the reduction of electromagnetic interference. A conventional filter is defined herein as a component containing definitive, lumped, R-L-C components and not employing distributed parameters as a required characteristic.

The purpose of this AIR is to acquaint the aerospace industry with problems in attaining electromagnetic compatibility on gas turbine engines, particularly as used in aircraft. It is also the purpose of this AIR to present guidelines for the application of EMC controls to the engine, to its components which of necessity must operate in very hostile environments and to its interface with the aircraft.

This AIR provides guidance to the EMI test facility on how to check performance of the following types of EMI test equipment: Current probe Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) Directional coupler Attenuator Cable loss Low noise preamplifier Rod antenna base Passive antennas All performance checks can be performed without software. A computer may be required to generate an electronic or hard copy of data. This is not to say that custom software might not be helpful; just that the procedures documented herein specifically eschew the necessity of automated operation.

This guide provides detailed information, guidance, and methods for demonstrating electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) on civil aircraft. This guide addresses aircraft EMC compliance for safety and functional performance of installed electrical and electronic systems. The EMC guidance considers conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions and transients generated by the installed electrical and electronic systems which may affect other installed electrical and electronic systems on the aircraft. Application of appropriate electrical and electronic equipment EMC requirements are discussed. Methods for aircraft EMC tests and analysis are described. This guide does not address aircraft compatibility with the internal electromagnetic environments of portable electronic devices (PED) or with the external electromagnetic environments, such as high-intensity radiated fields (HIRF), lightning, and precipitation static.

Engine charging of aircraft has been observed for many years. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews the history of observations, physical characteristics, and possible techniques for minimizing the effects.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice outlines a standardized and economical method for the checkout and calibration of electromagnetic interference measurement antennas. Its application is for use when measuring a source 1 m from the antenna in a shield room. This is the typical distance used in performing military EMC testing. The influence of the shield room on the measured field strength is not considered. This standard does not address the measurement of emissions from an unknown distributed source, yet it attempts to resemble reality by using another antenna, in the calibration method, that represents a distributed source. This document presents a technique to determine antenna factors for antennas used primarily in performing measurements in accordance with References 2.1 and 2.2. The purpose of Revision B was to include the calibration of other antennas, such as biconical, horn, monopole and small loop antennas that are also specified for use in these same references.

This document provides guidance for applying aircraft equipment electromagnetic, electrical, and mechanical qualification standards (i.e., DO-160, MIL-STD-461, MIL-STD-704, and MIL-STD-810) to civil aircraft certification intended for military use and for military aircraft equipment installed on civil aircraft. The guidance identifies where the equipment environmental qualification standards meet the intent of both the civil or military aircraft certification requirements. Conversely, the guidance will identify where the equipment environmental qualification standards have differences that do not meet the intent of the civil or military aircraft certification requirements and when these differences matter based on equipment criticality, installation location, and/or other variables.

This guide provides detailed information, guidance, and methods related to the Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (AC)/Joint Airworthiness Authorities Advisory Material Joint (AMJ) 20-XXX, "Certification of Aircraft Electrical/Electronic Systems for Operation in the High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Environment" (draft). The AC/AMJ provides acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance with Parts 23, 25, 27, and 29 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR)/Joint Aviation Regulations (JAR) to prevent hazards to aircraft electrical and electronic systems due to HIRF produced by external transmitters. This guide is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature and does not constitute a regulation or legal interpretation of the regulation. The information in this guide represents a collection of best engineering practices that have been used to certify aircraft HIRF protection.

This AIR provides guidance to the EMI test facility on how to check performance of the following types of EMI test equipment: Current probe Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) Directional coupler Attenuator Cable loss Low noise preamplifier Rod antenna base Passive antennas All performance checks can be performed without software. A computer may be required to generate an electronic or hard copy of data. This is not to say that custom software might not be helpful; just that the procedures documented herein specifically eschew the necessity of automated operation.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes overall system electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) control requirements. EMC includes the following: a Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) b Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) c Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) d Electromagnetic Vulnerability (EMV) e Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) f Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) g Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP) h Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuels (HERF) i High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) j Lightning Protection k Static Electricity I TEMPEST This document is intended to be used for the procurement of land, sea, air, or space systems by any procurement activity. Tailoring of specific requirements is necessary and Appendix A has been provided for guidance.

This document contains a "sample" Control Plan with explanations as to the intended content of various sections. It also can serve as a sample technical construction file as specified by the European EMC Directive.

Engine charging of aircraft has been observed for many years. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews the history of observations, physical characteristics, and possible techniques for minimizing the effects.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a standard method and means for measuring or calibrating the "Spectrum Amplitude" output of an impulse generator.

This document presents standard methods to evaluate the common mode and differential mode insertion loss of passive electromagnetic interference power line filters from 10 kHz through 10 GHz. Insertion loss test methods for both quality assurance and performance prediction purposes are described. The performance prediction tests are selected to more closely approximate operating impedances. They are not intended to be inclusive or to represent worst case conditions. However, the methodology of this document can be used to determine the performance in an arbitrary impedance circuit.

This document establishes the minimum requirements for the electrical bonding and grounding of electric, avionic, armament, communication, and electronic equipment installations for aeronautical and aerospace applications. The bonding and grounding requirements specified herein are to ensure that an adequate low resistance return path for electric, avionic, armament, communication and electronic equipment is achieved which can withstand operating conditions and corrosion. This is essential for the reduction of coupling of electromagnetic fields into or out of the equipment as well as for providing electrical stability to control the currents and/or voltages caused by static charges and discharges and for suppressing the hazardous effects thereof.

This guide provides detailed information, guidance, and methods related to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 20-158 and European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) draft Advisory Material Joint (AMJ), both titled "The Certification of Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems for Operation in the High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Environment". The AC provides acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance with Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 23.1308, 25.1317, 27.1317, and 29.1317, High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) protection for Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems, and applicable FAA HIRF Special Conditions to prevent hazards to aircraft electrical and electronic systems due to HIRF produced by external transmitters. It is also intended for this guide to provide the same information, guidance, and methods to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) interim HIRF policies certification requirements.

These cable practice recommendations tend toward design guidance rather than standardization. EMC achievement tests can be standardized, but the means for achievement should not be constrained. The material can best be described as an essay on cabling, and the theme is that a cable is just a part of a complete circuit, the interconnect circuit. Cable EMC performance is thus determined largely by circuit design; it is unrealistic to expect cabling techniques to compensate for improper impedance, symmetry or waveform in the circuit.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to provide information relating to the construction, calibration, and usage of parallel plate transmission lines in electromagnetic compatibility susceptibility testing.