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Rapid industrial development in the twentieth century and improved economic status across the globe thrives people to utilize modern transport system. Owing to this fact, the vehicle density all over the world increases day by day which facilitates the movement of human beings as well as goods to different parts of earth in a timely manner. On the other side, the growing number of vehicles poses a great threat to different road commuters due to negligence of traffic rules as well as other mechanical system failures of the vehicle. Numerous lives are being lost due to delayed medical aid for the accident victims. Hence, there is a need to develop an effective accident rescue alert system to rescue people who meet with a mishap as quickly as possible by admitting them to a nearby hospital. The life of accident victims can be saved if they have been provided immediate medication within the golden hours.

In engine 30% of the total energy is lost due to the friction between piston ring and cylinder liner due to their constant rubbing motion. A piston that reciprocates at high speeds has piston rings that constantly scrape against the wall leading to high frictional losses within the engine. The engine has to work against this resistance to provide the required power, and hence it will consume more fuel. For this reason, material used for these components is more crucial. Reduction of surface friction between moving parts in order to increase overall efficiency can be achieved by suitable coating. The most commonly used piston rings are coated with chromium layers that are electroplated which is being replaced by chrome plating. Low coefficient of friction (COF) and high wear resistance can be achieved by self-lubricating coating of PTFE and PEEK polymer-based composite coatings.

Pneumatic valves are widely used in heavy commercial vehicles’ air braking systems. These valves are mainly used in the braking system layout to maintain the vehicle stability during dynamic conditions. Rubber components are inevitable in valves as a sealing element, and it is very difficult to predict the behavior due to its nonlinear nature. Basically, these valve efficiencies are defined in terms of performance and response characteristics. These characteristics are determined in the concept stage itself using ID simulation software. The typical device is used for preferential braking according to the driver's pedal input. AMESim software has a variety of elements to use in a unique way for performance and response behavior prediction. For pneumatic valves, 1D analysis is an effective method and it gives good correlation with actual test results.

Photonic crystals are materials for controlling and manipulating the light flow. Nanophotonic devices deal with behavior of the light in the nanomaterial and devices. It works on the interaction of nano devices with light. They are periodic structures with different refractive indices. The waveguides that can be constructed will have sharp and low-loss bending enabling high integration density of several orders of magnitude. On silicon surfaces, nano- and microstructures are created to lower reflection and increase light absorption. It can be applied to enhance infrared (IR) bolometer applications based on MEMS. In this work Silicon nanowires photonic crystals are grown and the electric characteristics and frequency characteristics are modeled, simulated, and studied using the finite element method. The study is carried out for two distances of separations. Waveguide is created by removing a set of wires making a path for signal flow for the frequency within the band gap.

High-strength steel has several industrial applications such as automobile, tool and die, construction industries etc. However, it is challenging to achieve it. Various strengthening mechanisms, such as dispersion strengthening, alloying, grain boundary strengthening etc., plays a vital role in deciding the properties of the steel. At the industrial level, high-strength steel is produced by adding alloying elements such as Tungsten, Chromium, and Molybdenum in the steel matrix, increasing the high-strength steel cost. On the other hand, Wire Arc Additive manufacturing (WAAM) can produce dispersion strengthening in steel to mimic the properties of a high-strength steel matrix. The WAAM is a relatively low-cost additive manufacturing technology which uses a welding process to build up layers of material to fabricate the finished product. We have dispersed hard silicon carbide (SiC) particles in the mild steel matrix using the WAAM process in this work.

In current scenario, Manufacturing Heavier Products generates Huge waste, generate more CO2 emission and affect environment. Customer not only pays higher product cost but also higher operational cost. This in turn challenges need of more Recycling. Advance High Strength Material is a key solution to application demanding higher strength, stiffness, durability & wear requirement, whereas low density material like Aluminium and Magnesium wont be sustainable choice. With more and more Battery electric & Fuel cell vehicle, Light weighting is a key Priority. ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) have great advantage compared to conventional Ductile Iron, Aluminium Alloys and even some of Steel Castings or Forging. ADI gives an opportunity to Design engineer of Structural components for redesigning geometry, considering higher Yield strength and other mechanical properties of ADI compared to conventional material.

The uses of fillers (HGM) in composites are creating new opportunities in the composite industry. Hollow Glass Microspheres (also known as Glass Balloons or Glass Bubbles) are Soda-lime-borosilicate glass hollow spheres with thin walls used as low-density filler material which can reduce final part weight by up to 15% or more without compromising the mechanical integrity. Glass Bubbles occupy 20x more space than equal weight of typical mineral filler thus reducing the cost per unit volume, therefore, the need for lightweight and high-strength materials for modern engineering applications may be fulfilled by the HGM reinforced composites.

The performance standards of Li-ion batteries used in EVs have skyrocketed, owing to their rapid commercialization in recent years. This has made Li-ion battery thermal management more vital than ever before, as optimum performance is achieved only when the batteries are within the narrow temperature range of 25˚ to 40˚C. However, the operating temperatures in a lot of EVs go way beyond 40˚C, leading to a reduction in the battery performance and lifetime. This study aims to solve this problem by improving the battery packing and maintaining the battery temperature via a hybrid cooling system that involves both air-cooling and liquid cooling. This is achieved by varying the liquid coolant used in the system and the cell arrangement in the battery module which has 32 cells in an 8x4 arrangement.

Manual transmission (MT) is still the most preferred solution for the emerging markets due to the lower cost of ownership and maintenance coupled with a higher transmission efficiency. In this regard, a continuous improvement of the transmission shift quality is quite essential to meet the growing customer expectations. In the present work, a detailed evaluation of the gear-shift impulse (experienced at the gear-shift knob) is conducted between two different architectures of a manual, high-torque (450 Nm input torque) inline transmission meant for a sports utility vehicle (SUV). The conventional manual inline transmission architecture comprises of a common gear pair at the input of the transmission. While this input reduction architecture is the most widely used architecture, having the common gear-pair at the output of the transmission is also another option.

The manual transmissions are the preferred transmission for the drivers who loves sporty gear shift. The manual transmission vehicles are cheaper, very efficient and offer quick gear shift. Worldwide the manual transmission contributes to 36.15% and in India it contributes overall 80% of today’s market share. The customers expect very smooth gearshift which is a challenge to achieve in all ambient temperatures. In a gear shift event, the synchronizers synchronize the speed of the gears. The force applied at the gear shift knob, generates the cone torque and stops the rotating input shaft for the N to 1 gear shifting. The early morning gear shifts have high gear shift effort. This effort is getting reduced with the increase in temperature. This is due to the drag in the gearbox which is inevitable. This work focusses on improving the very first gear shift event of N to 1 after the engine crank from cold (8°) to hot (80°) condition.

In the developing countries, manual transmissions are leading the market due to their efficiency and the low cost. In a manual transmission, the synchronizers play a vital role in defining the gear shift quality. The manual transmission vehicles are getting refined for the pleasant driving experience. The gear shift quality is one of the unique selling points for the vehicle, so the automakers are focusing on the reduction of the gear shift forces. In a manual transmission, the synchronizers are used to match the speed difference between the upstream and downstream inertia for the gear shifting process. The synchronizers have conical friction surfaces to generate the friction and cone torque. The increase in cone torque reduces the gear shift impulse. The cone torque can be increased with mismatch tolerance in the frictional surfaces. In this technique, two cone angles are used for the frictional surfaces.

The operation of two-wheelers, or bikes, presents risks due to factors such as excessive speed, severe acceleration, and over-tilting, which may compromise the stability of the vehicle. This study proposes a solution to enhance ride safety and turn ability by integrating automatic speed reducers and a motion stabilizer, modelled using CATIA and constructed from PVC material. The stabilizer is situated between the arms, holding a magnet, which initiates automatic braking when the magnet approaches the rim during a turn. We conducted three modes of testing, including no load and no angle, under magnetic load at zero angles, and under magnetic load at various angles in both lateral directions. Frequency data corresponding to the calculated speed was recorded using a spectrum analyzer, and we performed counterbalancing weight calculations to ensure stability. The results revealed a reduction in speed due to magnetic action.

Gears are one of the vital components to transmit torque efficiently. Helical gears are chosen as they transmit higher torque with lesser noise compared to spur gears of same size. All new age gearboxes require to transmit maximum torque with minimum packaging space available to improve torque density. Ways of reducing weight are using lesser density material, decreasing center distance and thereby reducing pitch circle diameter of all gears, etc. However, they will also affect torque carrying capacity of gearbox which can lead to gear failure in conventional transmission architecture gearboxes with input reduction method. In input reduction method, torque gets multiplied from input shaft to countershaft. Countershaft torque is multiplied to output shaft gears requiring higher torque capacity gears on output shaft. In this research, output shaft reduction architecture is proposed to avoid torque multiplication from input shaft to countershaft gears.

An oil spill refers to the accidental or deliberate release of petroleum or other petroleum-based products into the environment. These spills can occur on land or in water bodies, such as oceans, rivers, or lakes, and can have devastating impacts on the environment, wildlife, and human health. Oil spills can harm aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by contaminating water and soil, and by affecting the food chain. They can also cause economic losses, such as the loss of fisheries, tourism, and property values. Cleaning up oil spills can be a difficult and expensive process, and the effectiveness of the response can depend on various factors, such as the type and amount of oil spilled, weather conditions, and proximity to sensitive ecosystems. Preventing oil spills is critical to minimizing their impacts.

Road transportation is accelerating it’s shift from fossil fuels to electric power in the last one decade which has resulted in various electrification efforts across different levels including E-cycles, 2 Wheelers, 3 wheelers, cars and commercial vehicle applications. The main components across any road transport are the battery system, electric motor, Field Oriented Controllers which communicate with the vehicle control unit, and helps the motor to perform effectively and efficiently under various operating conditions. The core system of motor and controller is very critical during operation and its reliability at any given point of time is paramount. The motor and controller system in some applications like 2 wheeler applications are customized with shorter connections to save space, eliminate longer wiring harnesses and it calls for higher reliability due to lesser serviceability and compact design.

Composite materials find extensive applications in numerous fields, including mechanical and automotive components. They are often subjected to varying climatic conditions, leading to the transfer of air, heat, and moisture. Here, the study is done to model the moisture-based diffusion in order to predict the output beforehand, so that necessary precautions can be taken before it fails. The study primarily investigates the heat and moisture-based absorption behavior of composite materials. The Representative Volume Element (RVE) approach is chosen which enables the feasibility to simulate the behavior of composite at a micro-scale level. In addition to providing insights into micromechanics, this approach also helps to define the physics behind moisture absorption based on Fick’s law. The FEA simulation is carried out using the COMSOL Multiphysics software.

The role of Virtual Reality(VR) platform for experimental studies to mitigate severe injuries is known. A Virtual Reality (VR) module was developed to provide an Indian auto-rickshaw driver experience using commercially available Oculus Quest 2 VR headset. A Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) was developed and a study carried out among 20 auto-rickshaw drivers in Thanjavur, India. The DBQ questions provided data to shortlist the most likely near crash experiences among the surveyed drivers. A virtual reality environment was created using UNITY HUB software for one selected scenario from the DBQ survey analysis. A group of 10 volunteers to experience the event using VR gear in the biomechanical laboratory with reflective markers fixed on the body joints of the volunteers to obtain corresponding joint angles in the Neck, Shoulder, Hip, and Knee regions.

Scrap collection from any location is handled with mortal interference in several places and companies which may be extremely harmful or even dangerous to humanity. The demand for robotization has risen rapidly in recent years, owing to cutting-edge technologies that minimize manpower and threat-taking training directly or indirectly. The main objective of the paper is to study, analyze, investigate the main contribution of waste collecting by workers while cleaning in the Mechanical Industry. Inorder to ensure the safety of the workers during cleaning we had implemented the Automatic Trash Collecting Machine in the industry. For Fabricating the Trash collecting Machine first we had analyzed the problem in the industry and then we had started the free hand sketch of Trash Collecting Machine. Then the design work of Automatic Trash Collecting Machine is done in the modeling software Catia V5. Then the material selection for our model has been done.

The main objective of the work is to investigate the friction and wear behavior of sintered copper-based brake composite friction material with a change in the volume percentage of soft reinforcement particles namely MoS2 by pin-on-disc tribometer for medium-duty automotive applications. The composite brake friction material contains copper (Cu) as a matrix, tin (Sn) as an additive, silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as hard and soft reinforcement particles and barium sulfate (BaSO4) as filler. These hybrid copper-based brake composite friction (pin) samples are successfully prepared by a change in compositions of MoS2 from 0 to 5 vol. % in the step of 1 vol. % and the characterizations of friction samples are studied to understand the physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, and compressive strength.

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a type of 3D printing technology that uses welding to build up layers of material to create a finished product. To this extent, we have developed the machine learning approach using the KNN regression model to predict the bead's hardness, height, and width by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). We have conducted a systematic experimental study by varying the process parameters: voltage, current, and wire feed rate and the corresponding output value: hardness, height, and width of the bead were recorded. A total of 195 experiments were conducted, and the corresponding output values were noted. From the experimental data, 80% data was used to train the model, and 20% was used for testing the model. Further, the model's accuracy was predicted using an independent set of test samples.