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Automated driving system (ADS) manufacturers, developers, and operators need to provide clear information on their safety approach to relevant stakeholders. Explainability to diverse audiences helps build trust in statements from these organizations towards the shared value of safety. A defined list of core safety topics can help set expectations when communicating deployment and use-case-specific automated vehicle (AV) safety information. The topics listed in this best practice are implementation-agnostic and broadly applicable. This best practice describes how safety is continuous and connected throughout lifecycle stages and highlights considerations when including safety metrics as part of the communicated information. It lists topics that are considered core, provides a rationale, illustrative examples where applicable, suggestions of content that could be included for the example, and lists references and industry examples for further information.

Injuries and fatalities among pedestrians, cyclists, scooterists, highway road workers, and safety and emergency personnel—often referred to as vulnerable road users (VRUs)—continue to rise at alarming rates worldwide. Emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced safety measures, this study, commissioned by the Vulnerable Road User Safety Consortium™ (VRUSC) and conducted by the Light and Health Research Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, evaluates the potential effectiveness of lighting and visual information systems in improving VRU safety. The white paper presents a synthesis of published research on lighting and markings from the perspective of both human drivers and machine vision systems. It identifies potential preliminary guidelines for the intensity, color, temporal, and spatial characteristics of lighting and visual information that can help prevent crashes involving VRUs.

This AVSC best practice was first published in 2020 and has been revised to cast expanded role definitions, rearrangement of use cases in Section 4 based on severity of risk, re-creation of Table 4 in 5.4 as a checklist and moved to Appendix B, as well as clarification of sections, examples, and terms throughout the document. This document outlines interactions between first responders and ADS-DVs (SAE level 4 and level 5). It builds on earlier work done by the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners (CAMP), detailing three types of interactions first responders may encounter: direct, indirect, and informational. In addition, a standardized framework with recommendations for an interaction plan is laid out for ADS developers, manufacturers, and fleet operators which may assist first responders in both emergency and non-emergency situations involving ADS-DVs.

This SAE Standard applies to all forestry machines exposed to the hazard of objects penetrating the front of the operator station (other than the roof). This would include:

SAE J115 specifies the relevant ISO standards for application to safety labels for use on off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116.

The SAE Recommended Practice establishes minimum performance requirements and related uniform laboratory test procedures for evaluating lateral (curb) impact collision resistance of all wheels intended for use on passenger cars and light trucks.

This SAE Recommended Practice presents requirements for the structural integrity of the brake system of all new trucks, buses, and combinations of vehicles designed for roadway use and falling into the following classifications: a Truck and Bus—Over 4500 kg (10 000 lb) GVWR b Combination Vehicles—Towing vehicle over 4500 kg (10 000 lb) GVWR The requirements are based on data obtained from SAE J294.

Automated driving system-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) can handle a wide variety of circumstances they might encounter on the road. When circumstances are encountered that exceed ADS design capabilities, the ADS is designed to bring the vehicle into a minimal risk condition (MRC). When an ADS-DV encounters these conditions—identified as “triggers” within this best practice—they can request remote assistance (RA) from a remotely located human operator. RA involves the provision of guidance, suggestions, or recommendations to a vehicle from a remote location, without direct control of the vehicle. RA has emerged as a useful tool in supporting the operation of an ADS. It can complement the capabilities of ADS-DVs and improve overall system performance and utilization, particularly in situations that exceed ADS design capabilities. This best practice provides guidelines for integrating remote assistance within the context of ADS.

This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to liquid level determination for any fluid compartment of off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116 and ISO 6165.

This document is intended to supplement the SAE J1939 documents by offering the SAE J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and search for easier use.

Automated driving system (ADS) developers need a way to describe safe and competent driving for automated driving system-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) in a way that is relatable to how stakeholders interpret safe driving today. Metrics informed by competent and safe human behavior could improve understanding and confidence in ADS-DVs. One way to make ADS safety performance relatable to stakeholders is to adopt an intuitive comparison to behaviors displayed on the road by human drivers. This best practice outlines an approach which involves comparing the on-road driving behavior of ADSs to that of human drivers, aiming to gain a deeper understanding of ADS behavior and its implications. It includes and assessment that centers on the predictability and similarity of ADS behavior relative to observed human driving behavior. By adopting this approach, a more comprehensive evaluation of the performance of ADS fleets can be achieved.

This document is intended to supplement the SAE J1939 documents by offering the SAE J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and search for easier use.

Successful scaling of automated driving system (ADS) technology and realization of its full potential will require developers and service providers to continuously monitor performance of their fleet and enact prompt improvements should issues arise. ADS developers and manufacturers can use the data collected from vehicles in active deployments (e.g., safety performance data) to proactively confirm initial risk assumptions and feed other safety management processes. This best practice provides an approach to continuous monitoring and potential improvement of safety performance of ADS-DVs after deployment. It also outlines approaches to analyzing data related to known and unknown variations in the ADS-DV’s operating environment and complements other AVSC best practices that provide metrics and methods which can be used to monitor safety [AVSC00006202103, AVSC00008202111] while considering important factors pertaining to how data is collected, analyzed, and used [AVSC00004202009].

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes dimensions and tolerances for the interface between inboard mounted disc brake rotors and disc wheel hubs. This document is intended for inboard mounted disc brake rotors and disc wheel hubs for Class 5, 6, 7, and 8 commercial vehicles. Special and less-common applications are not covered.

The scope of this SAE Standard is the definition of the functional, environmental, and life cycle test requirements for electrically operated backup alarm devices primarily intended for use on off-road, self-propelled work machines as defined by SAE J1116 (limited to categories of (1) construction, and (2) general purpose industrial).

This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to blast cleaning and shot peening and provides for standard cast shot and grit size numbers. For shot, this number corresponds with the opening of the nominal test sieve, in ten thousandths of inches1, preceded by an S. For grit, this number corresponds with the sieve designation of the nominal test sieve with the prefix G added. These sieves are in accordance with ASTM E11. The accompanying shot and grit classifications and size designations were formulated by representatives of shot and grit suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and automotive users.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to verify that vehicles and/or components are capable of communicating a required set of information, which is described by the diagnostic messages specified in SAE J1939-73, that is in accordance with off-board diagnostic tool interface requirements contained in the government regulations cited below. This document describes the tests, methods, and results for verifying diagnostic communications from an off-board diagnostic tool (i.e., scan tool) to a vehicle and/or component. SAE members have generated this document to serve as a guide for testing vehicles for compliance with ARB and other requirements for emissions-related on-board diagnostic (OBD) functions for heavy-duty engines used in medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. The development of HD OBD regulations by U.S.

This document establishes recommended practices to validate acceptable corrosion performance of metallic components and assemblies used in medium truck, heavy truck, and bus and trailer applications. The focus of the document is methods of accelerated testing and evaluation of results. A variety of test procedures are provided that are appropriate for testing components at various locations on the vehicle. The procedures incorporate cyclic conditions including corrosive chemicals, drying, humidity, and abrasive exposure. These procedures are intended to be effective in evaluating a variety of corrosion mechanisms as listed in Table 1. Test duration may be adjusted to achieve any desired level of exposure. Aggravating conditions such as joint rotation, mechanical stress, and temperature extremes are also considered. This document does not address the chemistry of corrosion or methods of corrosion prevention. For information in these areas, refer to SAE J447 or similar standard.

This recommended practice contains dimensions and tolerances for outboard mounted brake drums and disc wheel hubs in the interface areas. This recommended practice is intended for outboard mounted brake drums and disc wheel hubs commonly used on class 7 and 8 commercial vehicles. Included are SAE J694 mounting systems II, III, IV, XIV, and X. Special and less common applications are not covered.

This SAE Standard provides the testing and functional requirements guidance necessary for a leak detection device that uses any non-A/C refrigerant tracer gas, such as helium or a nitrogen-hydrogen blend, to provide functional performance equivalent to a refrigerant electronic leak detector. It explains how a non-refrigerant leak detector’s calibration can be established to provide levels of detection equal to electronic leak detectors that meet SAE J2791 for R-134a and SAE J2913 for R-1234yf.