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This SAE Standard applies to all forestry machines exposed to the hazard of objects penetrating the front of the operator station (other than the roof). This would include:

Efficient transportation for carrying heavy loads is a common challenge across various applications, from supermarkets to industrial purposes. Conventional trolleys often fall short when loaded with heavy cargo, resulting in increased exertion and diminished productivity. Moreover, these challenges can adversely affect posture and lumbar spine health, especially for elder people and persons with cervical problems. There is a need for more user-friendly, ergonomic, and space-efficient solutions. This project addresses these challenges through an innovative design that encompasses various aspects of trolley functionality, including the study of comfort, wheel selection, and material considerations, drawing from ergonomic research. Multiple methods are employed to optimize the trolley’s dimensions to improve its overall performance. The trolley’s design features a collapsible basket for the transport of smaller-sized items and a base frame for larger goods and luggage.

Commercial vehicle are exposed to harsh environment conditions like dust, mud, wind, rain, extreme sun and winter throughout. Apart from white goods and other conventional loading these vehicles also used in applications which involve Handling of Dirty Loads, Construction Raw materials, Mining Industry etc. which leads to fast deterioration of Interiors. Also, in most cases drivers are not the owners. Hence due to high cost of Cleaning at dealerships and low Product maintenance awareness amongst Commercial Vehicle Users, on Road Washing & Cleaning by riverside is common practice which leads to early deterioration of Interior trims. This paper deals with the retention of newness of soft trim parts such as headliner, wall trims and carpets. Causes of product deterioration and attributes which influence newness like product appeal, NVH, perceived quality, environmental impact, geometry retention over time etc. have been discussed in detail.

This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to liquid level determination for any fluid compartment of off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116 and ISO 6165.

This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to blast cleaning and shot peening and provides for standard cast shot and grit size numbers. For shot, this number corresponds with the opening of the nominal test sieve, in ten thousandths of inches1, preceded by an S. For grit, this number corresponds with the sieve designation of the nominal test sieve with the prefix G added. These sieves are in accordance with ASTM E11. The accompanying shot and grit classifications and size designations were formulated by representatives of shot and grit suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and automotive users.

The paper presents an approach used to generate a customer-oriented drive cycle using the MATLAB-based drive cycle generation tool for EVs developed by Isuzu Technical Center of America. The drive cycle generation tool extracts important features from the customer vehicle data and compares it with the globally used pre-existing candidate cycle to generate a representative drive cycle. The tool can read multiple file formats of preprocessed data or raw data from the vehicle telematics systems. This data is then processed using a unique and efficient algorithm developed by the Isuzu engineers, calculating seven important vehicle dynamic parameters. These selected parameters are compared with the pre-existing candidate cycles used across the globe in multiple iterations to generate a custom representative drive cycle that best fits real-world customer driving behavior.

As demand for consumer electric vehicles (EVs) has drastically increased in recent years, manufacturers have been working to bring heavy-duty EVs to market to compete with Class 6-8 diesel-powered trucks. Many high-profile companies have committed to begin electrifying their fleet operations, but have yet to implement EVs at scale due to their limited range, long charging times, sparse charging infrastructure, and lack of data from in-use operation. Thus far, EVs have been disproportionately implemented by larger fleets with more resources. To aid fleet operators, it is imperative to develop tools to evaluate the electrification potential of heavy-duty fleets. However, commercially available tools, designed mostly for light-duty vehicles, are inadequate for making electrification recommendations tailored to a fleet of heavy-duty vehicles.

This study aimed to construct driver models for overtaking behavior using long short-term memory (LSTM). During the overtaking maneuver, an ego vehicle changes lanes to the overtaking lane while paying attention to both the preceding vehicle in the travel lane and the following vehicle in the overtaking lane and returns to the travel lane after overtaking the preceding vehicle in the travel lane. This scenario was segregated into four phases in this study: Car-Following, Lane-Change-1, Overtaking, and Lane-Change-2. In the Car-Following phase, the ego vehicle follows the preceding vehicle in the travel lane. Meanwhile, in the Lane-Change-1 phase, the ego vehicle changes from the travel lane to the overtaking lane. Overtaking is the phase in which the ego vehicle in the overtaking lane overtakes the preceding vehicle in the travel lane.

A free access tool based on a pedestrian-vehicle collision model is presented. The model allows for the qualitative and quantitative description of the entire dynamics of an event through pre-collision, collision, and post-collision segments. Furthermore, it enabled the determination of the magnitude of the initial speed of the vehicle before collision with a pedestrian and the location of the point of impact on the road where the accident occurred. The model inputs correlate to evidence collected at the scene, providing a platform checklist to assist investigators in their fieldwork. Additionally, the pre-collision segment allowed the investigators to develop an avoidability study to evaluate road safety. The model was validated by comparing the results with experimental cases developed with dummies, bodies, and reconstructed cases using statistical methods. It is shown that there is no significant difference, thus verifying its functionality.

This SAE Recommended Practice encompasses the significant factors which determine the effectiveness of a seat system in limiting spinal injury during vertical impacts between the rider and the snowmobile seat system. The document is intended to provide a tool for the development of safer snowmobile seats. It is recognized that the seat is only a portion of the entire vehicle protective suspension system. It is, however, usually required that the seat serve as added protection to the suspension system, since the latter may "bottom out" during a severe impact. The term "seat" refers to the occupant-supporting system not normally considered part of the vehicle suspension or frame system. In some cases, it may include more than the foam cushion.

This SAE information report covers the basic guidelines concerning off-road tire conditions that warrant replacement, removal, or repair. This material can assist the tire user in establishing specific written procedures for each job site.

To provide specifications for lighting and marking of industrial wheeled equipment whenever such equipment is operated or traveling on a highway.

Robotic technology has begun to play an essential role in ground automotive applications. Utility trucks are among the first responders in extreme climate and severe weather conditions, comprised of two systems: a mobile platform and an articulated robotic morphing arm. The conventional industrial manipulators are mounted on stationary bases, while a mobile manipulator is dynamically coupled on a mobile platform. Such trucks with morphing manipulator can increase the possibility of road accidents in many ways and, additionally, create dangerous situations on the roads, and off-road conditions, while moving, and performing tasks. Large boom equipped trucks for reaching elevated heights can become unstable due to drastic variation of the boom equipment moment of inertia causing the extreme weight re-distribution among the wheels. The morphing capabilities of the utility trucks need to be investigated together with the vehicle-road forces in order to hold the truck safe on the roads.

Autonomous agricultural vehicles are entering the marketplace, performing jobs that current equipment cannot do or are too dangerous for people to perform. They offer the prospect of greater farm productivity, and they will help to feed the world’s growing population. Commercialization of Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles looks at several topics that impact the commercial success of autonomous agricultural vehicles: Economic benefits Machine utilization rates Job quality Labor savings Reliability Standards and regulations Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Among others, off-road motorcycles are subject to changes in road surface conditions depending on weather conditions, and the influence of riding operation on their behavior is significant. Therefore, for consistent evaluation of handling stability, it is effective to quantitatively understand the amount of riding operation and vehicle behavior through data measurement. However, when riding off-road motorcycles, the impact on the vehicle is large, and there are problems with the impact resistance of the measurement equipment. There is also a high risk of damage to sensors due to entrapment of mud or stones, etc. Therefore, when using high-precision sensors, it is necessary to proceed with careful operational verification. In particular, since off-road motorcycles are designed to be lightweight, measurement equipment for them must be lightweight as well and compact enough to avoid possible large impact on the vehicle's dynamic characteristics.

This SAE Standard applies to self-propelled sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130-1 and J2130-2.

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the safety alert symbol intended for use on construction and industrial equipment as defined in SAE J1116 and on agricultural tractors and machinery as defined in ASABE S390.

This SAE Standard describes snowmobile and snowmobile cutter requirements for the installation of lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.

This Recommended Practice applies to technical publications which present instructions for the proper unloading, set-up, installations, pre-delivery inspection, operation, and servicing of off-road self-propelled work machines as categorized in SAE J1116. Advertising/marketing and other pre-purchase publications are not included.

This article describes a case study applied in a commercial vehicle company, with a focus on analyzing and reducing process failures generated in the products' pneumatic brake system. The production method of the assembly line based on the concept of flexible sequencing, with alternation of models, which makes the assembly of the brake system complex, contributing to a potential scenario of failures such as leaks and loss of efficiency of the brake system. The methodology used based on the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) for failure analysis, together with Quality Tools, such as Brainstorming, Ishikawa, and Pareto Diagram.