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Standard

Impulse Towing Loads

2023-04-03
CURRENT
AIR6906
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information about impulse loads that occur during normal aircraft towing operations. An instrumented tow bar was used to characterize towing loads. Suggestions to minimize impulse loads by reducing the tow bar to tow vehicle gap are described.
Standard

Ground Support Equipment Hydraulic Systems, Design and Installation, Recommended Practices for

2022-12-16
CURRENT
ARP4943A
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the design and installation requirements for hydraulic systems (up to 8000 psig [56 MPa]) for ground support equipment (GSE). This ARP is derived from AS5440, which provides hydraulic system requirements for aircraft. The recommendations herein are primarily intended for GSE that exchange hydraulic fluid with the aircraft, such as hydraulic service carts, rather than GSE with non-interfacing hydraulic systems. The GSE may be mobile, portable, or stationary.
Standard

Aircraft Damage Caused by Ground Support Equipment

2022-05-16
CURRENT
AIR1589C
Incidents where a piece of ground support equipment or personnel damages an aircraft under the control of ground or maintenance operations that requires corrective action by aircraft maintenance personnel. Operations include, but are not limited to servicing, line maintenance, heavy maintenance, and aircraft movement, e.g., marshalling/pushback/tow/reposition/taxi.
Standard

Regional Aircraft Towbarless Tow Vehicle - Test Requirements

2022-03-30
CURRENT
ARP5911A
The present Aerospace Recommended Practice specifies for airplane operator and tow vehicle manufacturers the basic testing requirements for towbarless tow vehicles to be used on the nose gear of conventional tricycle type landing gears of commercial civil transport aircraft with maximum ramp weight between 8600 kg (19 000 lb) and 50 000 kg (110 000 lb), commonly designated as “regional aircraft”. Its purpose is to achieve testing results, or equivalent computer modeling, demonstrating that the loads induced by the tow vehicle will not exceed the design loads of the airplane’s nose landing gear and associated structure, reduce the certified safe life limit of the nose landing gear, or otherwise compromise the airplane’s structural integrity and airworthiness certification.
Standard

Pallet/Container Loader Auto-Levelling Systems

2021-09-30
CURRENT
ARP4776
The data in this document is, at this stage, primarily concerned with the interface of pallet/container loaders and lower-deck compartments of standard and wide-body aircraft although the principles illustrated may be applied to the main-decks of narrow and wide-body aircraft. NOTE: For the purpose of this document, in accordance with Part 3 of the Directives for the technical work of ISO and with accepted IATA practice, minimum essential criteria defined by the word "shall" are absolute requirements. Recommended criteria identified by the word "should", while considered important, are not mandatory.
Standard

Aircraft Maintenance Jacks - General Requirements

2021-09-30
CURRENT
AS4775B
This document covers the general requirements for hydraulic aircraft jacks. It can be applied to tripod, unipod, and axle jacks that may be used on open ramp areas as well as in the aircraft hangar. Throughout this Aerospace Standard, the minimum essential criteria are identified by the key word “shall”. Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word “should”. Deviation from recommended criteria should only occur after careful consideration and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to provide an equivalent level of safety. The term “vertical load” throughout this Aerospace Standard is defined as the force imposed on the aircraft jack at the airframe jack point.
Standard

GSE Training Videos

2021-04-08
CURRENT
AIR4730A
This document provides information on the preparation and use of video for operational and maintenance training of qualified personnel associated with GSE.
Standard

Aircraft Tow Bar

2021-04-08
CURRENT
ARP1915E
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
Standard

Wheel Chocks

2021-04-08
CURRENT
AIR4905A
The purpose of this document is to present general considerations for the design and use of aircraft wheel chocks. The design and use of aircraft wheel chocks is a good deal more complicated than it may appear at first glance.
Standard

Maintenance of Ground Support Equipment

2020-09-23
CURRENT
AIR4286
The following are suggested policies, procedures, and practices required to maintain mobile and fixed ground support equipment at airport passenger and cargo terminals. The principal purpose for ground support equipment maintenance is to provide the owner/user with safe, serviceable equipment, in good appearance, at minimal cost, and with minimum downtime. Maintenance programs initiated on ground support equipment must also conform to regulations controlling airport operations. This document has been divided into three sections corresponding to the three stages of equipment life; acquisition, maintenance, and disposal.
Standard

Aircraft Markings for Ground Support Equipment Alignment

2020-04-24
CURRENT
AS6896
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for aircraft fuselage markings located at the doors used for ground servicing operations. These markings can be used by all GSE that will dock at the aircraft. These markings may be used for one or several phases of the GSE positioning relative to the aircraft process: GSE alignment during approach, GSE final docking, and GSE auto leveling. It is not the purpose of this standard to describe the different technologies, cameras, or other equipment that can be mounted on GSE to utilize these markings. The aircraft that may use these markings will have a fuselage diameter of 3 m or more.
Standard

Battery Powered Aircraft Tow Tractors - Factors for Design Consideration

2018-09-27
CURRENT
AIR1854A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) identifies and summarizes the various factors that must be considered and evaluated by the design or specifying engineer in establishing the specifications and design characteristics of battery-powered aircraft tow tractors. This AIR is presented in two parts. The first part is simply a summarization of design factors that must be considered in establishing vehicle specifications and design characteristics. The second part refers particularly to the performance characteristics of an aircraft tow tractor. Some definitions, formulas, data, and an example are provided mainly for assisting the specifying engineers of potential buyers and users of aircraft tow tractors in the evaluation and comparison of their requirements with the performance capabilities of the various tow tractors offered by the tow tractor manufacturers.
Standard

Aircraft Ground Support Equipment – General Requirements

2018-02-12
CURRENT
ARP1247E
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the basic general design requirements for ground support equipment used in the civil air transport industry. It is intended to assist in standardizing requirements for various configurations of equipment. For procurement of equipment, sections of this document should be specified with due consideration of the functional and environmental requirements of the equipment, and to the relative cost of satisfying those requirements.
Standard

Aircraft Damage Caused by Ground Support Equipment

2016-06-06
HISTORICAL
AIR1589B
Only those incidents where a piece of ground support equipment directly associated with the "turnaround" servicing of an aircraft was involved are reviewed. Specifically excluded are those incidents that occurred during heavy maintenance, overhaul activity, or aircraft taxiing.
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