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Designing with Elastomers for use at Low Temperatures, Near or Below Glass Transition

2020-11-12
WIP
AIR1387E

To ensure success in design of elastomeric parts for use at low temperature, the design engineer must understand the peculiar properties of rubber materials at these temperatures.

There are no static applications of rubber. The Gaussian theory of rubber elasticity demonstrates that the elastic characteristic of rubber is due to approximately 15% internal energy and the balance, 85%, is entropy change. In other words, when an elastomer is deformed, the elastomer chain network is forced to rearrange its configuration thereby storing energy through entropy change. Thermodynamically, this means that rubber elasticity is time and temperature dependent (Reference 25).

The purpose of this report is to provide guidance on low temperature properties of rubber with the terminology, test methods, and mathematical models applicable to rubber, and to present some practical experience.

Standard

Elastomer: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) Hot Oil and Coolant Resistant, Low Swell 45 to 55 Type ‘A’ Durometer Hardness for Products in Engine Oil Systems/Coolant Systems

2020-05-05
CURRENT
AMS3226J
This specification covers an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. For molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications, use the AMS7000 series specification.
Standard

Elastomer: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) Aromatic Fuel Resistant 55 to 65 Type ‘A’ Durometer Hardness For Products in: Aromatic and Aliphatic Fuel Systems

2020-04-28
CURRENT
AMS3212R
This specification covers an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. For molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications, use the AMS7000 series specification.
Standard

Synthetic Rubber Hot Oil Resistant, High Swell 45 - 55

2019-07-29
CURRENT
AMS3222J
This specification covers a synthetic rubber in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. This specification should not be used for molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cords, and molded in place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications without complete consideration of the end use prior to the selection this material.
Standard

Designing for Long Life with Elastomers

2018-01-04
HISTORICAL
AIR1412D
This document lists those guidelines recognized as being essential for consideration by the designer who is preparing to select an elastomer as part of an aerospace design.
Standard

Standard Elastomer Stocks Test Slabs

2016-11-16
CURRENT
AMS3217A
This specification and its supplementary detail specifications cover various elastomeric standard compounds in the form of molded test slabs 0.075 × 6 × 6 inches (1.90 × 152 × 152 mm).
Standard

Designing for Long Life with Elastomers

2016-08-29
HISTORICAL
AIR1412C
This document lists those guidelines recognized as being essential for consideration by the designer who is preparing to select an elastomer as part of an aerospace design.
Standard

Designing with Elastomers for use at Low Temperatures, Near or Below Glass Transition

2016-01-15
CURRENT
AIR1387D
To ensure success in design of elastomeric parts for use at low temperature, the design engineer must understand the peculiar properties of rubber materials at these temperatures. There are no static applications of rubber. The Gaussian theory of rubber elasticity demonstrates that the elastic characteristic of rubber is due to approximately 15% internal energy and the balance, 85%, is entropy change. In other words, when an elastomer is deformed, the elastomer chain network is forced to rearrange its configuration thereby storing energy through entropy change. Thermodynamically, this means that rubber elasticity is time and temperature dependent (Reference 25). The purpose of this report is to provide guidance on low temperature properties of rubber with the terminology, test methods, and mathematical models applicable to rubber, and to present some practical experience.
Standard

Silicone Rubber 1000 psi (6.89 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength 45 - 55 Durometer

2015-03-12
HISTORICAL
AMS3345F
This specification covers a silicone rubber material that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, molded shapes, and extrusions. This specification should not be used to address products such as O-rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets.For these applications AMS specifications in the AMS7XXX series should be used.
Standard

Gasket, Metallic-Encased

2014-05-27
CURRENT
AMSHHG101A
This specification covers metallic-encased gaskets with and without inlays.
Standard

Silicone Rubber 1000 psi (6.89 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength 55 - 65 Durometer

2013-07-19
HISTORICAL
AMS3346G
This specification covers a silicone rubber material that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, molded shapes, and extrusions. This specification should not be used to address products such as O-rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets.
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