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Two-phase capillary loops are being extensively studied as heat collection and rejection systems for space applications as they appear to satisfy several requirements like low weight, low volume, temperature control under variable heat loads and/or heat sink, operation under on ground and micro gravity conditions, simplicity of mounting and heat transfer through tortuous paths. In 1998–2000 Alenia defined and Lavochkin Association developed the Deployable Radiator on the base of honeycomb panels, axial grooved heat pipes and Loop Heat Pipe. It was designed for on-ground testing.

Thermo-hydraulic mathematical models of manned modules of the International Space Station [ISS] require to simulate also air-vapour flow in Environmental Control Systems [ECS] circuits. Although this can be obtained with available S/W, a complementary solution was developed, in order to overcome some S/W limitations and to ease exchange of models. It consists of a set of FORTRAN subroutines, that can be added to ESATAN/FHTS and SINDA/FLUINT thermo-hydraulic models for dry air, and simulate the effect of vapour in the airflow.