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Draw bead simulator tests were performed on various tool materials using aluminum alloys 2008-T4 and 6111-T4. The tool materials included hardened cast steel J435/0050A, D2 alloy, cast steel with ion nitride and PVD chromium nitride surface treatments, and cast steel with standard chromium and Wearalloy™ chromium coatings. Friction and galling behavior were monitored over an extended period of testing which allowed differentiation of the tool materials and alloys. Wearalloy™ and CrN tool coatings consistently demonstrated improved ability to prevent material transfer for both aluminum alloys, in spite of friction coefficients which were higher than the uncoated and ion nitrided tools. The ion nitrided surface exhibited the lowest friction coefficients of the surface treatments tested, but showed appreciably more wear. For a given lubricant and dilution ratio, alloy 2008-T4 exhibited an increased tendency for material transfer compared to alloy 6111-T4 for all tool materials tested.

Weight considerations and the need for corrosion resistance make aluminum fasteners attractive for new automotive design. This paper reviews design considerations in using aluminum fasteners. Newly developed high-strength fastener alloys complimented by lightweight and the well known attributes of aluminum give the designer wide latitude in using aluminum for standard and special purpose fasteners.

ALUMINUM engines promise a gain in the power/weight ratio and possibilities of production economies. Aluminum has already proved its value for some parts; only the adaptation of design for high production methods delays full realization of the metal's potentials. This paper describes the problems encountered in adapting the V-type engine to fabrication methods using aluminum alloy parts. Applications of aluminum in crankcase and cylinder block, cylinder liners and heads, intake manifold, pistons, and bearings are also discussed.