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The 528 wheel skidder represents a second-generation machine designed and tested to satisfy the requirements of the large wood areas of the world. Numerous unique features were incorporated in the design to meet the special needs of the logging customer; these are described, along with the development program that yielded the present vehicle.

Gearing load spectra data collected under actual working conditions help a designer predict the fatigue life of power train components. Considerable time was required in the past to collect and reduce these data to a form suitable for design use. A vehicle mounted instrumentation system consisting of a strain gaged shaft, a shaft encoder-slip ring assembly, and an amplitude distribution analyzer, was developed which performs load measurements. At the test's conclusion, it provides a spectrum analysis in printed histogram form.

ISO and SAE static sound power test methods are currently used for construction machinery. The European Economic Community sound committee has been developing a drive-by or simulated work cycle test method using a hemispherical array of microphones. The EEC method is inconsistent due to the changing test surface (moist sand) and the variables of outdoor testing: temperature, wind, and precipitation. The in-place-dynamic test method described provides a disciplined way to evaluate machines with moving track or wheels and operating hydraulic systems. The machine is slightly elevated, resting on stands, so that the wheels are off the ground or the tractor weight is off the track chain. Data obtained from track-type tractor, track-type loader, and wheel loader machines supports the validity of using an indoor, in-place-dynamic test instead of a moving, outdoor test. Results also show that using sound intensity instrumentation permits the option of testing in an untreated, indoor facility.

Two new Caterpillar Wheel Loaders have been developed in the 1.2 cubic meter (1.5 cubic yd.) and 1.5 cubic meter (2.0 cubic yd.) bucket capacity categories. This paper provides a review of the design objectives and summarizes the design features included to meet worldwide manufacturing and marketing requirements.

A cooperative research program has been completed evaluating the impact of fuel composition (volatility, aromatics and sulfur) on the combustion and emissions performance of a Caterpillar 3406B turbo-charged diesel engine, which is representative of diesel truck engines of the late 1980s. Tests included both steady-state and transient operation measuring regulated and unregulated emissions. The fuel set was blended using only commercially available refinery stocks typical of those which could be considered for use in distillate fuel. The compositions of the blends were selected so that direct measurements of the individual effects of 10% and 90% distillation temperatures, aromatic content, and sulfur content could be made independently. Engine combustion performance data indicated that all fuels operated satisfactorily; aromatic content was as high as 50% and cetane number as low as 39. Further, the cetane number did not predict the engine measured ignition delay in this program.

This paper details the design and features of the 651E, 657E, and 657E Push-Pull Wheel Tractor Scraper. Emphasis was placed on the availability, reliability, and serviceability of these units.

The small wheel type loader has seen its application range extended such that it is now one of the most versatile machines in our industry. However, its effectiveness in tasks other than bucket loading is limited. In order to provide improved tool control characteristics that contribute to efficient multi-task capability, it is necessary to design these characteristics into the base vehicle. The Integrated Toolcarriers recently introduced by Caterpillar fulfill this requirement. This paper discusses the design objectives and summarizes the development program which preceded their introduction.

A new Caterpillar Wheel Loader has been developed to provide a loader in the 2 cubic meter (2.5 cubic yard) bucket capacity-category. This paper provides a review of the machine design objectives and summarizes the design features included to meet worldwide manufacturing and marketing requirements.

The effect of altitude on the performance of two turbocharged prechamber diesel engines and one direct-injection diesel engine has been studied in a test cell. One prechamber engine was tested at altitudes up to 16,000 ft. The data from these tests are presented and compared with performance at standard conditions. Using the data, an analytical method of predicting the performance of turbocharged diesel engines at altitude has been developed. An iterative computer program, using part-load data taken at standard conditions, is used for the prediction. Comparison is made with the simulated altitude data and with other calculation methods.

THE CATERPILLAR FOLDED CORE RADIATOR IS A NEW RADIATOR FOR VEHICLES AND STATIONARY ENGINE APPLICATIONS. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THIS DESIGN ARE TO GIVE THE USER AN INCREASED VALUE COOLING SYSTEM BY REDUCING RADIATOR REPAIR COSTS AND IMPROVING AIR-SIDE PLUGGING RESISTANCE. AS WELL AS PROVIDE THE VEHICLE DESIGNER WITH INCREASED APPLICATION DESIGN FLEXIBILITY. THIS IS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED WHILE MAINTAINING PERFORMANCE AND LIFE GOALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONVENTIONAL RADIATOR. THE FOLDED CORE IS A MODULAR DESIGN HAVING THE MODULES INSTALLED AT AN ANGLE TO THE FAN AIR STREAM RESULTING IN THE FOLDED APPEARANCE. COMMON MODULE SIZES ARE USED ACROSS THE MANY RADIATOR APPLICATIONS REDUCING INVENTORY REQUIREMENTS AT THE ASSEMBLY PLANT AND PARTS DEPOTS AND INCREASING INDIVIDUAL MODULE PRODUCTION VOLUME. THIS RADIATOR DESIGN IS REVIEWED FROM CONCEPT TO PRODUCTION.