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An examination of the combustion phenomena and associated engine performance is made for a dual fuel engine of the compression ignition type when additional auxiliary fuels and inerts were introduced with the main intake charge. This was considered to have direct relevance to operation of diesel engines on low heating value gaseous fuel mixtures. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was employed throughout. H2, CH4, CO2 and N? were the gas constituents used. Operation on gaseous fuel mixtures containing significant amounts of diluent inerts showed a marked deterioration of the already inefficient combustion of lean fuel-air mixtures. Of the two inert gases (CO2 and N2) introduced in turn, CO2 has a comparatively greater influence in narrowing the operating range of the engine. Both diesel and dual fuel operations were also considered when a spray of water was introduced into the intake of the engine.