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A fleet of 64 heavy-duty 1970-71 model trucks and buses powered by a variety of diesel engines were tested periodically to determine exhaust smoke behavior. Smoke tests were made when the vehicle was new or nearly new and at four month intervals thereafter, or until 160,934 km (100,000 miles) odometer reading was reached. Gaseous emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured at one point early in the project. Both smoke and gaseous emission tests were performed with chassis versions of the engine dynamometer Federal Test Procedures (FTP). Results in terms of “a” (acceleration), “b” (lugging), and “c” (peak) smoke factors versus mileage are reported for the 13 engine-vehicle-application groupings.

A mathematical model of an automobile's emission rate is described. This model can be used to calculate the amounts of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen emitted by individual or groups of automobiles being driven over any known driving sequence. The development of the model requires the amounts of three pollutants given off by individual automobiles over short duration driving sequences (modes). The validity of the model is investigated by using it to calculate the amounts of each pollutant given off by individual automobiles over the hot transient portion (first 505 s) of the Federal Test Procedure driving sequence. These predicted emissions are then compared with observed amounts emitted from each automobile. Further, the ability of the model to predict emissions is investigated in light of the reproducibility of actual automobile emissions measured in replicated tests. These analyses indicate that the model performs extremely well.