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Vehicle steering control can provide assistance to drivers for lane keeping, automated trajectory following, or more extreme evasive maneuvers. An active torque control steering system is designed using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), and its performance was evaluated using the commercial software CARSIM. The system is developed to maintain a desired trajectory for the vehicle in performing evasive maneuvers to avoid imminent crash scenarios. In order to better understand the behavior of the system with different controllers, a simple bicycle model of the vehicle was developed, and an LQR controller was developed to control vehicle steering torque. The controller uses yaw angle, yaw rate, velocity, and position of the vehicle to generate the required steering torque to follow the desired trajectory. An observer was developed to estimate non-measured parameters. Trajectories are generated to follow a lane change before reaching the obstacle.

Battery packs for Hybrids, Plug-in Hybrids, and Electric Vehicles are assembled from a system of modules (sheets) with a tight sheet metal casing around them. Each module consists of an array of individual cells which vary in the composition of electrodes and separator from one manufacturer to another. In this paper a general procedure is outlined on the development of a constitutive and computational model of a cylindrical cell. Particular emphasis is placed on correct prediction of initiation and propagation of a tearing fracture of the steel can. The computational model correctly predicts rupture of the steel can which could release aggressive chemicals, fumes, or spread the ignited fire to the neighboring cells. The initiation site of skin fracture depends on many factors such as the ductility of the casing material, constitutive behavior of the system of electrodes, and type of loading.